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Cancer has a complex aetiology, probably due to a sophisticated
interaction between the genetic endowment of individuals and
environmental risk factors. The continuing magnitude and severity
of cancer as a major health problem renders cancer prevention an
important area in the field of cancer research. Developments in
cancer prevention have benefited from the recent advances in
molecular and cellular biology. Several specific molecules have
been identified as promising targets for cancer prevention and
numerous agents have been synthesised, developed and tested to
modulate the functions of these molecules. Given the ongoing
advances in our understanding in the genesis of cancer, it is
possible to develop new and better agents on a more mechanistic
basis. The most striking examples for this mechanism-based approach
for cancer prevention include: the role of inducible
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colon cancer and the preventive effects
of COX-2 inhibitors (e.g., celecoxib); the involvement of oestrogen
receptors in breast cancer and the development of selective
estrogen receptor modulators (e.g., tamoxifen and raloxifene) for
the prevention of this malignancy; and the function of androgen in
prostate cancer and the use of 5-a-reductase inhibitors (e.g.,
finasteride) as a preventive measure. This book provides leading
edge research from around the globe on this field.
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