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Some of the nation's wealthiest philanthropic organizations,
including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Walton Family
Foundation, and the Broad Foundation, have invested hundreds of
millions of dollars in education reform. With vast wealth and a
political agenda, these foundations have helped to reshape the
reform landscape in urban education. In Follow the Money, Sarah
Reckhow shows where and how foundation investment in education is
occurring and provides a penetrating analysis of the effects of
these investments in the two largest urban districts in the United
States: New York City and Los Angeles. In New York City,
centralized political control and the use of private resources have
enabled rapid implementation of reform proposals. Yet this potent
combination of top-down authority and outside funding also poses
serious questions about transparency, responsiveness, and
democratic accountability in New York. Furthermore, the
sustainability of reform policies is closely linked to the
political fortunes of the current mayor and his chosen school
leader. While the media has highlighted the efforts of forceful
reformers and dominating leaders such as Joel Klein in New York
City and Michelle Rhee in Washington, D.C., a slower, but possibly
more transformative, set of reforms have been taking place in Los
Angeles. These reforms were also funded and shaped by major
foundations, but they work from the bottom up, through charter
school operators managing networks of schools. This strategy has
built grassroots political momentum and demand for reform in Los
Angeles that is unmatched in New York City and other districts with
mayoral control. Reckhow's study of Los Angeles's education system
shows how democratically responsive urban school reform could
occur-pairing foundation investment with broad grassroots
involvement. Bringing a sharp analytical eye and a wealth of
evidence to one of the most politicized issues of our day, Follow
the Money will reshape our thinking about educational reform in
America.
Some of the nation's wealthiest philanthropies, including the Bill
and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Walton Family Foundation, and the
Broad Foundation have invested hundreds of millions of dollars in
education reform. With vast wealth and a political agenda, these
foundations have helped to reshape the reform landscape in urban
education. In Follow the Money, Sarah Reckhow shows where and how
foundation investment in education is occurring and presents
in-depth analysis of the effects of these investments within the
two largest urban districts in the United States: New York City and
Los Angeles. In New York City, centralized political control and
the use of private resources have enabled rapid implementation of
reform proposals. Yet this potent combination of top-down authority
and outside funding also poses serious questions about
transparency, responsiveness, and democratic accountability in New
York. Furthermore, the sustainability of reform policies is closely
linked to the political fortunes of the current mayor and his
chosen school leader. While the media has highlighted the efforts
of drastic reformers and dominating leaders such as Joel Klein in
New York City and Michelle Rhee in Washington, D.C., a slower, but
possibly more transformative, set of reforms have been taking place
in Los Angeles. These reforms were also funded and shaped by major
foundations, but they work from the bottom up, through charter
school operators managing networks of schools. This strategy has
built grassroots political momentum and demand for reform in Los
Angeles that is unmatched in New York City and other districts with
mayoral control. Reckhow's study of Los Angeles's education system
shows how democratically responsive urban school reform could
occur-pairing foundation investment with broad grassroots
involvement. Bringing a sharp analytical eye and a wealth of
evidence to one of the most politicized issues of our day, Follow
the Money will reshape our thinking about educational reform in
America.
Outside Money in School Board Elections documents and analyzes the
injection of external funding into local elections. Local school
board contests have recently become flashpoints of national donor
interest. Some observers see this engagement as a needed boost for
complacent school districts while others view it as a threat to
local democracy. Drawing on a detailed study of elections in five
districts (Bridgeport, Connecticut, Denver, Indianapolis, Los
Angeles, and New Orleans), the authors explore what happens when
national issues percolate downward into local politics. They
suggest that the involvement of wealthy individuals and national
organizations in local school board elections are signs of the
nationalization of local education politics that potentially have
significant implications for equity and democracy. Outside Money in
School Board Elections brings attention back to local participation
and the diversity of players at that level, and highlights the
national trend of increasing wealth inequality and its impact on
the politics of education. This cross-case investigation
demonstrates that local and national education politics are not
separate fields but closely intertwined areas of political advocacy
with complex interactions.
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