The demands for food supply, socio-economic factors, environmental and technological revolution as well as political factors; many of which are spatially specific, have been identified as tools that shaped the characteristic trends in agricultural systems evolution. It is important to know that the performance of agriculture measured (before now) in terms of food, fiber and bio-energy production is now, to a large extent, measured on a range of other social and environmental outcomes, positive and negative. However, the emerging consensus of agricultural mechanization at meeting the needs of a growing and potentially more prosperous global population mainly from the existing stock of agricultural resources has gone a long way in saving the world's ecosystems that could have been irreparably damaged. These needs therefore necessitated a study of the historic events that led to agricultural evolution, revolution, and developments that transcends the old and the new worlds to the 18th century agricultural and industrial revolutions; the 19th century innovations in tools mechanization and power developments, the 20th century complex machines and equipment design and manufacturing among others, which this book gave an explicit account of from the pre-agricultural times (over 3million years ago) through the agricultural times (10,000 years ago) into the agro-based times (19th and 20th centuries) and the emerging sustainable technologies in agricultural mechanization of the 21st century, thereby incorporating future developments.

This book was designed as study companion to help students in secondary and tertiary institutions offering courses in relevant fields of agricultural engineering profession. It helps provide a guide for students preparing for professional and graduate examinations. This study companion is packaged in two parts: Part 1 presents typical professional examination questions in agricultural engineering, some hints on solving specific problems. This part comprises of nine chapters and 201 structure-response questions and answers. The structured questions covers various courses such as agricultural engineering applications, an overview of various courses and content relevant to; Introduction to agricultural engineering: Socials, structures and historical perspectives, farm power sources and units, farm machinery and development, agricultural mechanization and technology, agri-business and economics of machine use, natural (soil and water) resources and environment, farm stead planning and management, agricultural tractor systems and agricultural operations, Part 2 presents 100 multiple choice and alternative questions and answers covering various segments of the structured questions.

Technological advancements and innovations in horticultural operations have revolutionized the age long profession and have in turn provided comfort and luxury for the operators and investors. This book is designed to provide the students with a good understanding of the various horticultural tools, description and areas of utilization in gardening and horticulture. This book is packaged to provide the students with background knowledge of various horticultural operations, tool and equipment use. Written in simplified English with detailed graphic illustrations and pictures, the book is the perfect tool required in every home to in selecting tools and machines for horticultural and gardening operations.

This workbook is designed to enable the instructor and students fulfill the requirement for effective teaching and learning of the general objectives of Farm Power, Introduction to agricultural engineering, Farm Machinery and Mechanization and Farm Power courses taught in Agricultural Engineering Technology and Agricultural Technology Programmes at the National Diploma, Higher National Diploma and Bachelors degree levels.

As long as agriculture underpins the survival of humanity, safety remains a relevant issue to life security in and around the farm community for system sustainability. An understanding of the issues and values of hazard and safety in machinery operations will aid in decision-making reinforced by principles and practice. The diversity and complexity of agricultural and related machinery have become an index for increased rate of accident and injury occurrence experienced during operations and maintenance. Therefore, the study of machinery hazards, hazard sources and points in machinery and subsequent safe practices will help to eliminate, eradicate or control such hazards and provide workers with the opportunity to operate machinery more safely and develop skills in improved material and machine handling, as well as facilitate effective utilization of signal communication techniques and the attainment of relevant knowledge in accident prevention in primary production processes. One fundamental and pertinent question one should ask therefore is 'how safe is your farm?' Response to this question is salient but essential for safe-farm machinery operation (SMO) and increased productivity and reduced downtime due to accident incidences and accident compensation claims. Such measures were presented in this book as you take a journey through it.

This book was designed to help students acquire requisite knowledge and practical skills in technical drawing presentation and practices. The contents were scripted to prepare students for technical, diploma and degree examinations in engineering technology, technical vocations and draughtsmanship in other professions in the monotechnics, polytechnics and universities. At the end of each chapter are lists of examination standard exercises that will help students perfect their skill and proficiency in technical drawing works. Therefore, student should be able to; Understand the principles and techniques of drawing presentation and projections in geometry Understand the applications of solid geometry Understand the principles and application of free hand sketching Understand the principles of constructing conic-sections and development of surfaces

Sustainability of agricultural production system is becoming a major concern to agricultural research and policy makers in both developed and developing countries as it represents the last step in a long evolution of the protection of natural resources and the maintenance of environmental quality. Hence, sustainable agriculture is based on approaches that address farmers' marginal interests of reduced stress and comfort, reduced soil degradation, conservation of natural resources, and provision of adequate and dependable farm income in order to reduce poverty and associated problems. To this end, a more sustainable solution is imperative to solving these problems. This 6-part book furnish scientists and students with fundamental views on scientific developments, research outcome on sustainable solutions and also offers guidance on dissemination of sustainable agricultural techniques and feasible applications to Nigeria situation as a way of wriggling out of the ever expensive, soil and environmentally degrading conventional agricultural machines and inorganic production practices.

As long as we live within environments laden with hazards, it is our responsibility to make the environment favourable by locking hazards away. Many people world over died as a result of the consequences of avoidable occupational and environmental hazards that constitute part of our workplaces. It is our responsibility therefore to provide guide for workers' safety in our workplaces, make them have a change of attitude to ensure a safe work environment. One of the greatest assets to safe-living and safe machine operation is to follow safe work procedures in order to make our workplaces safe. This book x-rays the various workplaces and associated hazards as well as provides an insight to some measures of safety while operating within them. Remember, it is important to make rules about safety; however, it is more important to ensure safety by locking dangers away.

This book was designed to help students acquire requisite knowledge and skills in basic workshop technologies & practices, workshop management, organization and handling of tools and machines in preparations to meet the demands of the manufacturing and processing sector of our economy. Having read through this book, users will be able to appreciate the work environment and the influences it has on the workers' safety as well as gaining enough experience that will guide them in safe tool handling and machine operation for effective job delivery without incidences of hazards, injury or accident.

The technological processes of harvesting, handling, processing, preservation and storage of horticultural crops cannot be fully appreciated without recourse to good understanding of the fundamentals of the biological nature of the crops, composition of the crop, crop utilization potentials as well as the nutritional qualities from the view point of their behaviour under prevailing or modeled atmospheric conditions. This book is designed to provide the students with a good understanding in fruits and vegetables handling, processing, and technological advances in preservation of fruits and vegetable from harvest t.ill it gets to the consumer table or ended at the store shelf as finished products. Fruits and vegetables surfers the highest degree of deterioration at all levels of technological involvement right from maturity till shelving. This book is therefore packaged to advance knowledge and increase understanding of the nature of the fruits and vegetables in order to match up the principles and techniques of crops handling, processing and storage in order to minimize post harvest losses.

As long as agriculture underpins the survival of humanity, safety remains a relevant issue to life security in and around the farm community for system sustainability. An understanding of the issues and values of hazard and safety in machinery operations will aid decision-making reinforced by principles and practice. The diversity and complexity of agricultural and related machinery have become an index for increased rate of accident and injury occurrence experienced during operations and maintenance. Therefore, the study of machinery hazards, hazard sources and points in machinery and subsequent safe practices will help to eliminate, eradicate or control such hazards and provide workers with the opportunity to operate machinery more safely and develop skills in improved material and machine handling, as well as facilitate effective utilization of signal communication techniques and the attainment of relevant knowledge in accident prevention in primary production processes. One fundamental and pertinent question one should ask therefore is 'how safe is your farm?' Response to this question is salient but essential for safe-farm machinery operation (SMO) and increased productivity and reduced downtime due to accident incidences and accident compensation claims. Such measures were presented in this book as you take a journey through it.

Agricultural engineering principles and practices is an exposition on a previous work titled; fundamental principles of agricultural engineering practice published by same author in 2007 which only explored aspects of principles of agricultural engineering with less emphasis on production practices engaged in at every level of agricultural operations. Thus the book gave a narrowed outlook of agricultural engineering fundamentals, which is not adequate for providing relevant information in practice with agricultural engineering background undertaking at all levels of engineering training in the university, polytechnic and colleges. Hence, the book has been enlarged in scopes and packaged in 2 volume titles (11 chapters in Volume I and 9 chapters in Volume II). Volume (I) has three parts that addresses fundamental aspects of agricultural engineering: Part 1 has six chapters comprising of agricultural engineering development, issues on agricultural mechanization, management of engineering utilities, economics of machine use, farm power and agricultural machinery and development. Part 2, in 3 chapters, addresses all aspects of site surveying, land clearing undertakings and landform development, various agricultural practices, and tillage operations. Part 3 has 2 chapters on crop planting operations and establishment practices. Various planting patterns and characteristics, equipment types and planter component descriptions are features x-rayed in this section. Chapters 10 and 11 dwells much on post planting operations involving crop thinning, fertilizer application, pest and weed control programme, and new development in chemical and fertilizer application as well as integrated pest control management. The scope of agricultural practice is inexhaustible and that informs a continual development and expansion of knowledge as advancements takes place.

New ideas and developed technologies in agricultural operations depend to a large extent on scientific research diversity. Their results and implementation are responsible for increased agricultural production. The dynamic nature of agricultural operations and the complexity of agricultural machinery are indices of such scientific research diversity as evident in the wide spread requirements in agricultural operation if increased production must be sustained. Extensive works on agricultural mechanization and machinery utilization in agricultural production documented in this eleven chapter book will go a long way to acquaint students and researchers with the principles of agricultural machinery and provide him with requisite knowledge and skills on various agricultural machinery operations for effective agricultural mechanization. The book thus discusses in details the basic concepts in the development of agricultural machinery and mechanization.

Agricultural Engineering Principles and Practice Volume 2 is the continuation of exposition on the nutty-gritty of the practice of agricultural engineering. In this volume, the soil, processing methods and animal housing and thermal environment were discussed in 3 parts. Part 1 discussed soils and water conservation practice essential for crop establishment. Basic principles of soil and water resources management, erosion control, drainage requirement and dam management are common features in this section. Plant and soil water requirements for irrigation, basic design procedures for all types of irrigation were presented in this part. The rheological properties of agricultural material that influences their behaviour during agricultural technological processes were packaged in 5 chapters and presented in part 2 of this book. Crop harvest systems, agricultural postharvest systems, crop harvest and processing equipment, fruit processing and storage facilities were common features in this part. Part 3 laid credence to structural requirements for man, animal and crop products on the farm in 3 chapters, farmstead planning, resources and layout plan were discussed, farm storage structures, and animal housing and thermal requirement for housing and processing of common products are discussed. The scope of agricultural practice is inexhaustible and that informs a continual development and expansion of knowledge as advancements takes place.