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Contents: Part I. Introduction 1. Globalizaton challenge and economic response in the Mediterranean. Sevket Pamuk and Jeffrey G. Williamson Part II. Long Run Growth: A Comparative Assessment 2. How poor was the European periphery before 1850? The Mediterranean vs Scandinavia. Jaime Reis 3. Real wages and relative factor prices around the Mediterranean 1500-1940. Jeffrey G. Williamson 4. European economic development: The core and the Southern periphery 1870-1910 James Foreman-Peck and Pedro Lains Part III. Long Run Growth: Country Studies 5. Growth and retardation in Ottoman Macedonia 1880-1910 Ahmed Akarli 6. The choice of technology: Spanish, Italian, British and US cotton mills compared 1830-1860. Joan Ramon Roses Part IV. Trade, Transport and Domestic Production in the Century Before WWII 7. Specialization in the international market for olive oil before WWII. Ramon Ramon-Munoz 8. International competition and the developoment of the dried fruit industry 1880-1930. Jose Morilla-Critz, Alan Olmstead and Paul Rhode 9. International shipping in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea: Istanbul as a maritime center 1870-1910. Gelina Harlaftis and Vassilis Kardasis Part V. Pre-1914 Policy Choices and the Political Economy of Growth 10. Much Ado About Nothing? Italian trade policy in late 19th century. Giovanni Federico and Kevin H. O'Rourke 11. What slowed down the mass emigration from Spain before WWII? A comparison with Italy. Blanca Sanchez-Alonso Part VI: Interwar Policy Choices and the Political Economy of Growth 12. Intervention during the Great Depression: another look at Turkish experience. Sevket Pamuk 13. Egyptian commodity markets in the age of economic liberalism. Tarik Yousef Part VII Twentieth Century Palestine 14. Economic growth and external trade in mandatory Palestine: a special Mediterranean case. Jacob Metzer
The first comprehensive history of the Turkish economy The
population and economy of the area within the present-day borders
of Turkey has consistently been among the largest in the developing
world, yet there has been no authoritative economic history of
Turkey until now. In Uneven Centuries, Sevket Pamuk examines the
economic growth and human development of Turkey over the past two
hundred years. Taking a comparative global perspective, Pamuk
investigates Turkey's economic history through four periods: the
open economy during the nineteenth-century Ottoman era, the
transition from empire to nation-state that spanned the two world
wars and the Great Depression, the continued protectionism and
import-substituting industrialization after World War II, and the
neoliberal policies and the opening of the economy after 1980.
Making use of indices of GDP per capita, trade, wages, health, and
education, Pamuk argues that Turkey's long-term economic trends
cannot be explained only by immediate causes such as economic
policies, rates of investment, productivity growth, and structural
change. Uneven Centuries offers a deeper analysis of the essential
forces underlying Turkey's development-its institutions and their
evolution-to make better sense of the country's unique history and
to provide important insights into the patterns of growth in
developing countries during the past two centuries.
Originally published in 1987, this book examines the consequences
of the nineteenth-century economic penetration of Europe into the
Ottoman Empire. Professor Pamuk makes subtle use of a very wide
range of sources encompassing the statistics of most of the
European countries and Ottoman records not previously tapped for
this purpose. His economic and quantitative analysis established
the long-term trends of Ottoman foreign trade and European
investment in the Empire. The later chapters focus on the
commercialisation of agriculture and the decline as well as the
resistance of handicrafts. Geographically, most of the volume
focuses on the area within the 1911 borders of the Empire - Turkey,
northern Greece, Greater Syria and Iraq. Professor Pamuk compares
the relationship of the Ottoman Empire to the world economy with
that of other parts of the non-European world and concludes that
the two distinguishing features of the Ottoman case were the
environment of Great Power rivalry and the ability of the
government to react against European pressures.
This important book on economic development in the modern Middle
East examines, for the first time, the separate national economies
of the Arab states, including the Gulf, Israel, and Turkey, from
1918 to the present. It describes the main trends within each
economy based on the best available statistical data, and answers
larger questions concerning the long-term growth of the countries,
first in the colonial period, then in the periods characterized by
planning and development, followed by the first steps toward
liberalization and structural adjustment. It evaluates government
policy in promoting the protection of imports and in advancing
market economies. Policies employed by the oil-producing states to
build new institutional structures based on near unlimited supplies
of capital and labor are also examined. The Middle East economies
are placed in their proper international context, and questions of
colonialism and labor migration are discussed. The authors evaluate
where the Middle Eastern economies are now, and speculate about how
they may develop in the future.
This major contribution to Ottoman history is now published in paperback in two volumes: the original single hardback volume (1995) has been widely acclaimed as a landmark in the study of one of the most enduring and influential empires of modern times. The authors provide a richly detailed account of the social and economic history of the Ottoman region, from the origins of the Empire around 1300 to the eve of its destruction during World War One. The breadth of range and the fullness of coverage make these two volumes essential for an understanding of contemporary developments in both the Middle East and the post-Soviet Balkan world.
The Ottoman empire stood at the crossroads of intercontinental
trade at the dawn of the era of capitalism. This volume examines
the monetary history of that empire from its beginnings in the
fourteenth century to the end of the first world war. Through a
detailed examination of the currencies and related institutions of
an empire which stretched from the Balkans through Anatolia, Syria,
Egypt and the Gulf to the Maghrib, the book demonstrates the
complexity of the monetary arrangements and their evolution in
response to both local developments and global economic forces. The
volume also affords some valuable insights into social and
political history and the evolution of Ottoman institutions. This
is an important book by one of the most distinguished economic
historians in the field.
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