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This book represents the background of the Barind Tract of
Bangladesh with the proximity of drought information, conceptual
and logic of the books, history, definition and perception on
drought and climate scenario and how people understand underlying
causes, impacts and consequences of drought in agriculture,
environment, human health and society. It also states the trend and
severity of drought of Barind Tract. This book gives the local
response to cope, mitigation and adaptation to agricultural
drought. The book also addresses the gender response in the
hardship of drought in the rural areas. It also elicits the local
and indigenous methods of drought prediction and sustainable
cultivation and management of drought in agriculture.
This book introduces the concept of Water Diplomacy as a principled
and pragmatic approach to problem-driven interdisciplinary
collaboration, which has been developed as a response to pressing
contemporary water challenges arising from the coupling of natural
and human systems. The findings of the book are the result of a
decade-long interdisciplinary experiment in conceiving, developing,
and implementing an interdisciplinary graduate program on Water
Diplomacy at Tufts University, USA. This has led to the development
of the Water Diplomacy Framework, a shared framework for
understanding, diagnosing, and communicating about complex water
issues across disciplinary boundaries. This framework clarifies
important distinctions between water systems - simple, complicated,
or complex - and the attributes that these distinctions imply for
how these problems can be addressed. In this book, the focus is on
complex water issues and how they require a problem-driven rather
than a theory-driven approach to interdisciplinary collaboration.
Moreover, it is argued that conception of interdisciplinarity needs
to go beyond collaboration among experts, because complex water
problems demand inclusive stakeholder engagement, such as in
fact-value deliberation, joint fact finding, collective decision
making, and adaptive management. Water professionals working in
such environments need to operate with both principles and
pragmatism in order to achieve actionable, sustainable, and
equitable outcomes. This book explores these ideas in more detail
and demonstrates their efficacy through a diverse range of case
studies. Reflections on the program are also included, from
conceptualization through implementation and evaluation. This book
offers critical lessons and case studies for researchers and
practitioners working on complex water issues as well as important
lessons for those looking to initiate, implement, or evaluate
interdisciplinary programs to address other complex problems in any
setting.
This book introduces the concept of Water Diplomacy as a principled
and pragmatic approach to problem-driven interdisciplinary
collaboration, which has been developed as a response to pressing
contemporary water challenges arising from the coupling of natural
and human systems. The findings of the book are the result of a
decade-long interdisciplinary experiment in conceiving, developing,
and implementing an interdisciplinary graduate program on Water
Diplomacy at Tufts University, USA. This has led to the development
of the Water Diplomacy Framework, a shared framework for
understanding, diagnosing, and communicating about complex water
issues across disciplinary boundaries. This framework clarifies
important distinctions between water systems - simple, complicated,
or complex - and the attributes that these distinctions imply for
how these problems can be addressed. In this book, the focus is on
complex water issues and how they require a problem-driven rather
than a theory-driven approach to interdisciplinary collaboration.
Moreover, it is argued that conception of interdisciplinarity needs
to go beyond collaboration among experts, because complex water
problems demand inclusive stakeholder engagement, such as in
fact-value deliberation, joint fact finding, collective decision
making, and adaptive management. Water professionals working in
such environments need to operate with both principles and
pragmatism in order to achieve actionable, sustainable, and
equitable outcomes. This book explores these ideas in more detail
and demonstrates their efficacy through a diverse range of case
studies. Reflections on the program are also included, from
conceptualization through implementation and evaluation. This book
offers critical lessons and case studies for researchers and
practitioners working on complex water issues as well as important
lessons for those looking to initiate, implement, or evaluate
interdisciplinary programs to address other complex problems in any
setting.
The theory and applications of random dynamical systems (RDS) are
at the cutting edge of research in mathematics and economics,
particularly in modeling the long-run evolution of economic systems
subject to exogenous random shocks. Despite this interest, there
are no books available that solely focus on RDS in finance and
economics. Exploring this emerging area, Random Dynamical Systems
in Finance shows how to model RDS in financial applications.
Through numerous examples, the book explains how the theory of RDS
can describe the asymptotic and qualitative behavior of systems of
random and stochastic differential/difference equations in terms of
stability, invariant manifolds, and attractors. The authors present
many models of RDS and develop techniques for implementing RDS as
approximations to financial models and option pricing formulas. For
example, they approximate geometric Markov renewal processes in
ergodic, merged, double-averaged, diffusion, normal deviation, and
Poisson cases and apply the obtained results to option pricing
formulas. With references at the end of each chapter, this book
provides a variety of RDS for approximating financial models,
presents numerous option pricing formulas for these models, and
studies the stability and optimal control of RDS. The book is
useful for researchers, academics, and graduate students in RDS and
mathematical finance as well as practitioners working in the
financial industry.
The theory and applications of random dynamical systems (RDS)
are at the cutting edge of research in mathematics and economics,
particularly in modeling the long-run evolution of economic systems
subject to exogenous random shocks. Despite this interest, there
are no books available that solely focus on RDS in finance and
economics. Exploring this emerging area, Random Dynamical Systems
in Finance shows how to model RDS in financial applications.
Through numerous examples, the book explains how the theory of
RDS can describe the asymptotic and qualitative behavior of systems
of random and stochastic differential/difference equations in terms
of stability, invariant manifolds, and attractors. The authors
present many models of RDS and develop techniques for implementing
RDS as approximations to financial models and option pricing
formulas. For example, they approximate geometric Markov renewal
processes in ergodic, merged, double-averaged, diffusion, normal
deviation, and Poisson cases and apply the obtained results to
option pricing formulas.
With references at the end of each chapter, this book provides a
variety of RDS for approximating financial models, presents
numerous option pricing formulas for these models, and studies the
stability and optimal control of RDS. The book is useful for
researchers, academics, and graduate students in RDS and
mathematical finance as well as practitioners working in the
financial industry.
Water is the resource that will determine the wealth, welfare, and
stability of many countries in the twenty-first century. This book
offers a new approach to managing water that will overcome the
conflicts that emerge when the interactions among natural,
societal, and political forces are overlooked. At the heart of
these conflicts are complex water networks. In managing them,
science alone is insufficient and so is policy-making that doesn't
take science into account. Solutions will only emerge if a
negotiated or diplomatic approach that blends science, policy, and
politics is used to manage water networks. The authors show how
open and constantly changing water networks can be managed
successfully using collaborative adaptive techniques to build
informed agreements among disciplinary experts, water users with
conflicting interests, and governmental bodies with countervailing
claims. Shafiqul Islam is an engineer with over twenty-five years
of practical experience in addressing water issues. Lawrence
Susskind is founder of MIT's Environmental Policy and Planning
Program and a leader of the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law
School. Together they have developed a text that is relevant for
students and experienced professionals working in a variety of
engineering, science, and applied social science fields. They show
how new thinking about water conflict can replace the zero-sum
battles that pit experts, politicians, and stakeholders against
each other in counter-productive ways. Their volume not only
presents the key elements of a theory of water diplomacy; it
includes excerpts and commentary from more than two dozen seminal
readings as well as practice exercises that challenge readers to
apply what they have learned.
Water is the resource that will determine the wealth, welfare, and
stability of many countries in the twenty-first century. This book
offers a new approach to managing water that will overcome the
conflicts that emerge when the interactions among natural,
societal, and political forces are overlooked. At the heart of
these conflicts are complex water networks. In managing them,
science alone is insufficient and so is policy-making that doesn't
take science into account. Solutions will only emerge if a
negotiated or diplomatic approach that blends science, policy, and
politics is used to manage water networks. The authors show how
open and constantly changing water networks can be managed
successfully using collaborative adaptive techniques to build
informed agreements among disciplinary experts, water users with
conflicting interests, and governmental bodies with countervailing
claims. Shafiqul Islam is an engineer with over twenty-five years
of practical experience in addressing water issues. Lawrence
Susskind is founder of MIT's Environmental Policy and Planning
Program and a leader of the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law
School. Together they have developed a text that is relevant for
students and experienced professionals working in a variety of
engineering, science, and applied social science fields. They show
how new thinking about water conflict can replace the zero-sum
battles that pit experts, politicians, and stakeholders against
each other in counter-productive ways. Their volume not only
presents the key elements of a theory of water diplomacy; it
includes excerpts and commentary from more than two dozen seminal
readings as well as practice exercises that challenge readers to
apply what they have learned.
This book will give you clear idea on innovative project on
contractual dairy farming and effective livelihood approaches for
poverty alleviation of the remote rural poor communities.
Contractual dairy farming can be the solution of poverty and the
sources of daily bread for the helpless poor in the northwest
region of Bangladesh. The book will reflect the status of
livelihoods indicating economic impact, social and to some extent
of environment. The system of contractual dairy farming enhance the
capabilities of managing small scale farming in effective manner.
This also helpful in creating self employment with potential
linkage through forward and backward linkage. Green fodder can
increase milk production, health of the cattle population. The book
will also emphasize on breed selection, improved management
practices and intensive management of improved breeds and feeds for
the population. The value chain of milk may increase income almost
two times for the contract growers. The reimbursement process looks
like very innovative avoiding any monetary transaction. Repayment
has been done through selling of milk and cow dung in regular
basis.
This book gives you clear idea on organic farming & practices
and how to manage crops naturally particularly in the green
perspective. Organic Farming may be the way to sustainable
development through the recognition of indigenous knowledge by
using nature friendly inputs.The farming practices give you idea on
how to start organic farming. This approach also involve family
labor in all stages of the farming activities. Organic Farming is
not only concern about the avoidance of chemicals also include
array of options including holistic management including
production, soil fertility management with emphasis on pest
management through bio-intensive practices. The book explore common
and innovative practices for farming and management including land
selection, risk management followed by the organic growers. This
books also gives you idea how people use bio pesticides for insect
and disease pest management by using nature friendly locally
available resources. This book provides clear picture on organic
Farming and greening the field.
An field experiment was carried out under the Department of Plant
Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology
University, Dinajpur during the period of July 2009 to December
2009 to find out the fungicidal management of sheath blight of
rice. Three fungicides viz. Bavistin 50 WP, Tilt 250 EC and
Folicour EW 250 were sprayed against R. solani causing sheath
blight on three aman rice varieties viz. Hybrid Hera, BRRI Dhan-49
and BR-11.Control plot was sprayed with plain water. The
experiments were laid out in two factors Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) with three replications. From the present findings it
may be concluded that Folicour EW 250 was a promising fungicide for
lowering sheath blight incidence and BR-11 was the best variety
among the three rice varieties in aspect of yield.
We investigated the knowledge and perception about HIV/AIDS among
the University students of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. A total number
of 162 respondents participated in the study. Data were collected
prospectively from different public and private Universities of
Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The study showed that every respondent
heard about HIV/AIDS and their main source of knowledge about
HIV/AIDS was from media (72%). Among the respondents, 64% regularly
donated blood and few of them (38%) were careful during blood
donation. 95% of the respondents (who were drug abusers) did not
share injections or needles for taking drugs of abuse. 97% of the
respondents did not exchanged sex for drugs or money; however, 25%
had physical relation with their sex partners and among them, only
24% used condoms while 57% knew about the use of condom. Only 27%
of the respondents knew about HIV test centers. 90% thought that
HIV/AIDS education will increase awareness about HIV/AIDS. 35% of
the respondents were familiar with condom vendor machines and 28%
of the respondents did not support for condom vendor machines to be
installed in public places in Bangladesh.
This book gives you clear idea on bio-intensive practices and how
to manage homestead nursery for entrepreneurship development
particularly in the rural perspective. Nursery can be the small
scale enterprise for securing regular income by involving family
labor in all stages of the activities. Homestead nursery is not
only concern with tree husbandry also include array of options
including vegetable production, soil fertility management with
emphasis on pest management through bio-intensive practices. The
chapters show the socio-economic status of rural people and common
and innovative practices for nursery management including nursery
site selection, mother tree selection criteria followed by the
nursery owner. This books also gives you idea how people use bio
pesticides for insect and disease pest management by using nature
friendly locally available resources. This book provides clear
picture on planting mixing pattern or planting niches in the
homestead or very adjacent to homesteads.
Scientific research reveals that a 15-ppm regulatory limit of oil
discharge from shipboard operations has a long-term harmful effect
on the marine environment, its biodiversity and eco-system. Yet,
operational discharges from machinery spaces remain the largest oil
polluting source of the oceans from shipping activities. However,
use of technologies can reduce the oil content of the operational
discharges from machinery spaces much below the regulatory limit
and even almost to zero-ppm. Hence, eliminates the harmful effects
of operational discharges into the marine environment. This book
provides an ample opportunity for the ship owners, operators and
the regulators around the world to act now to meet the future
requirements in conserving the marine environment. The separator,
filter and other related equipment producing industries will also
be immensely benefited if proactive actions taken immediately. The
marine scientists, researchers and the environmentalists having
interest in protecting and preserving the marine biodiversity and
its eco-system, the food chain and the ocean- the Mother Nature in
general, will also find this book interesting and enlightening.
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