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This study was conducted to investigate the drinking water quality
of Bannu District. Water samples were collected from tube well and
bore well, from the whole District. The samples were analyzed for
physiochemical water quality parameters such as color, taste, odor,
temperature, turbidity, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO),
salinity, alkalinity, hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness,
chloride, phosphate, sulphate, sulphide, nitrate, sodium and
potassium. The results of analysis are given in the tables. All the
samples were colorless, odorless and tasteless, temperature is
ranged from 32.4-33.4c0, Electrical conductivity ranged from
0.40-1.12 S/cm, pH ranged from 6.04- 6.90, turbidity ranged from
11-12 mg/l, DO ranged from 2.10 - 2.19 mg/l, hardness ranged from
145 - 300 mg/l, calcium hardness ranged from 75-225 mg/l, magnesium
hardness ranged from 25-95 mg/l, alkalinity ranged from 240-425
mg/l, chloride ranged from 15-67.47 mg/l, phosphate ranged from
5.47-6.90 mg/l, sulphate ranged from 230.4-465.6 mg/l, sulphide
ranged from 0-5.36 mg/l, nitrate ranged from 8.1-9.8 mg/l, sodium
ranged from 5-75 and potassium ranged from 0-10 mg/l.
Earth the planet we inhabit, is a single, living pulsating entity
and the human race an interlocking extended family. The land water
and the atmosphere which constitute it environment, support .37
million species of plants and 1.2 million species of animals. Human
interference into the environment has upset the ecological balance
of our planet. Exploitation of non renewable resources has created
havoc and if allowed to continue can disrupt life on this planet.
Some of the most dramatic cases with environment are man mad fires
slashes burn agriculture, mineral mining, dumping of sewage and
industrial wastes, introduction of new transport system into
natural environment, persistence of nuclear testing and disposal of
nuclear waste, the threat of Global worming and the attenuation of
our ozone shield, the havoc of deforestation leading to destruction
of many species of flora and fauna, devastation of landscape by
herbicides introduction of pests into new areas, over population,
overgrazing, coupled with drought extensive air and water
pollution, and the poising of the food chain. All these are the
problem which the human race shares in common.
Life on this planet is based on the continuous cycle of elements.
The massive mobilization of natural resources and the industrial
synthesis of chemicals have generated number of problems as a
consequence of limited incorporation of natural and synthesized
molecules into ongoing biological cycle. Number of aromatic
compounds has wide range of applications. Among these nitro
aromatic compounds like 2,4,6-tri-nitrotoluene (TNT) is more
recalcitrant (Nunez et al.,1998). TNT was first made in 1863 by a
German chemist, Joseph Wilband, but its potential was not seen for
several years, mainly because it was so hard to detonate and
because it was less powerful than other explosive. Amongst its
advantages, however, are that it can be safely melted using steam
or hot water and so poured molten into shell cases. It is also
insensitive that, for example, in 1910 it was exempted from the
British 1875 Explosive Act, from actually being considered as an
explosive for the purposes of manufacturing and storage.The US EPA
has listed TNT as a priority pollutant and has recommended its
removal from contaminated sites. The highest amount of TNT was
produced at the end of World War II.
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