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As a result of the ongoing growth in the tourism industry, many
destinations around the world are undergoing transformations. New
destinations are being "discovered" in regions previously ignored,
as people search for regions that are yet unspoiled by the ravages
of mass tourism. At the same time, traditional destinations are
experiencing rapid environmental, socio-cultural and economic
modifications. These changes have the most effect on the
destination community - the location where tourists spend their
time and money, and influence development or degradation of the
local environment."Tourism in Destination Communities" describes
both the positive and negative effects of tourism on the
destination community. The chapters are divided into three sections
which address the relationship between tourism and the destination
community, the various impacts of tourism on the destination
community and the challenges and opportunities for destination
communities. Each chapter contains brief case studies and empirical
examples.
Many countries have a rich tradition of domestic travel and
holidaying which not only predates but exceeds mass international
travel. This is particularly the case in Asia where recent economic
prosperity and trends in globalization have not merely spurred, but
continue to shape traditions in domestic tourism. This book is the
first to address specifically the continuities and changes in
domestic tourism in Asia. It explores the ethos of domestic travel
and holiday-making in order to understand the distinctive common
strands that underlie conventional and contemporary tourism
practices, against the local and global backdrop. A considerable
range of countries is covered in the case studies, including those
with patrimonial histories, namely China and India, the
economically developed nation-state of Japan and the microstates of
Taiwan, Singapore, Macao and Hong Kong, besides the coastal
countries of Malaysia, Philippines, Laos and Vietnam, as well as
the land-locked countries of Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia. The book
presents some of the many interfaces of Asian cultural and natural
heritages with tourism, while giving due considerations to today's
political and economic realities.
Oral cancer most commonly occurs in middle-aged and older
individuals, although a disturbing number of these malignancies is
also being documented in younger adults in recent years. From an
epidemiological and clinicopathological perspective, "oral cancer"
can be divided into three categories: carcinomas of the oral cavity
proper, carcinomas of the lip vermilion, and carcinomas arising in
the oropharynx. Intraoral and oropharyngeal tumors are more common
among men than women, with a male: female ratio of over 2:1.2.
However, the disparity in the male: female ratio has become less
pronounced over the past half century, probably because women have
been more equally exposing themselves to known oral carcinogens
such as tobacco and alcohol.
The present study was undertaken in thirty cyanobacterial strains
of Calothrix (family Rivulariaceae) to analyse their
morpho-physiological and molecular relatedness. These strains
including reference strain (UTEX 379) were procured from culture
collection of Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green
Algae, IARI, New Delhi INDIA. Most of the forms were planktonic or
free floating while some exhibited benthic growth behaviour.
Variation in colour of thallus was expressed distinctly and the
colour ranged from brown, blackish green to dark green. Large
number of strains grew as floccose masses while some grew as
spreading and few formed evenly distributed suspension. Microscopic
examination revealed that the trichomes grew as densely
entangled/distinctly or slightly constricted except in few where
trichomes were irregularly straight or bent. The present analysis
undertaken with different strains of Calothrix using
morpho-physiological and molecular approaches, have clearly
indicated a high degree of genetic diversity as well as
relatedness.
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