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This book focuses on the Asia-Pacific region, delineating the
evolving dynamics of foreign investment in the region. It examines
the relationship between efforts to increase foreign direct
investment (FDI) and efforts to improve governance and inclusive
growth and development. Against a background of rapidly developing
international investment law, it emphasises the need to strike a
balance between these domestic and international legal frameworks,
seeking to promote both foreign investment and the laws and
policies necessary to regulate investments and investor conduct.
Foreign investments play a pivotal role in most countries'
political economies, and in order to encourage cross-border capital
flows, countries have taken various steps, such as revising their
domestic legal frameworks, liberalising rules on inward and outward
investment, and creating special regimes that provide incentives
and protections for foreign investment. Alongside the developments
in domestic laws, countries have also taken bilateral and
multilateral action, including entering into trade and/or
investment agreements. Further, the book explores regional
investment trends, highlights specific features of Asia-Pacific
investment laws and treaties, and analyses policy implications. It
addresses four overarching themes: the trends (how Asia-Pacific's
agreements compare with recent global trends in the evolving rules
on foreign investment); what China is doing; current investment
arbitration practice in Asia; and the importance of regionalising
investment law in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, it
identifies and discusses the research and policy gaps that should
be filled in order to promote more sustainable and responsible
investment. The book offers a valuable resource not only for
academics and students, but also for trade and investment
officials, policy-makers, diplomats, economists, lawyers, think
tanks, and business leaders interested in the governance and
regulation of foreign investment, economic policy reforms, and the
development of new types of investment agreements.
This book focuses on the Asia-Pacific region, delineating the
evolving dynamics of foreign investment in the region. It examines
the relationship between efforts to increase foreign direct
investment (FDI) and efforts to improve governance and inclusive
growth and development. Against a background of rapidly developing
international investment law, it emphasises the need to strike a
balance between these domestic and international legal frameworks,
seeking to promote both foreign investment and the laws and
policies necessary to regulate investments and investor conduct.
Foreign investments play a pivotal role in most countries'
political economies, and in order to encourage cross-border capital
flows, countries have taken various steps, such as revising their
domestic legal frameworks, liberalising rules on inward and outward
investment, and creating special regimes that provide incentives
and protections for foreign investment. Alongside the developments
in domestic laws, countries have also taken bilateral and
multilateral action, including entering into trade and/or
investment agreements. Further, the book explores regional
investment trends, highlights specific features of Asia-Pacific
investment laws and treaties, and analyses policy implications. It
addresses four overarching themes: the trends (how Asia-Pacific's
agreements compare with recent global trends in the evolving rules
on foreign investment); what China is doing; current investment
arbitration practice in Asia; and the importance of regionalising
investment law in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, it
identifies and discusses the research and policy gaps that should
be filled in order to promote more sustainable and responsible
investment. The book offers a valuable resource not only for
academics and students, but also for trade and investment
officials, policy-makers, diplomats, economists, lawyers, think
tanks, and business leaders interested in the governance and
regulation of foreign investment, economic policy reforms, and the
development of new types of investment agreements.
The Karakoram-Hindu Kush-Himalayas Region of Pakistan is important
all over the World not only because of their lofty mountains and
glaciers but also because of their people who live with their
traditional folk practices.Two of them are transhumance and
indigenous community oriented system of irrigation called diversion
channels.Transhumance is a seasonal movement of pastoral farmers
who go to their pastures along with their animals for a period of
three to four months and come back to their villages. In
Gilgit-Baltistan the Shyok Valley and Yasin Valley while in
Khyberpukhtunkhawa the Gawaldai Valley and Kaghan Valley are main
areas where transhumant groups live. Due to modern development and
socio-economic changes this old folk practice is diminishing
rapidly. Diversion Channel is an indigenous community oriented
irrigation system developed by their elders centuries ago to
irrigate their land. It is operated and monitered by a community
organization and has an excellent system of water sharing.
Flood is the most common of all environmental hazards.The reason
lies because of the widespread geographical distribution of rivers
basins from mountainous terrain to flood plains, the low lying
coasts and deltas.Pakistan is also a country which faces flood
hazard Periodically. Indus river basin is the main flood prone area
which occupies two-third area of Pakistan. The South-Asiatic
monsoon winds bring torrential rains from July to September. The
recent floods occurred in August 2010 and August -September 2011
were worst floods in the history of Pakistan.It affected about 20
million people, killed 3000, destroyed 1 million houses, displaced
10 millions, and millions were affected by water-borne diseases,
lack of food, drinking water and shelter. It is estimated that that
about 130 million hectare of croplands had been inundated. The
United Nations called these floods as most disastrous floods in the
history of Pakistan which smashed economy of the country. Urban
flooding is another growing catastrophic challenge in the mega
cities of the World. Karachi, the mega city of Pakistan has a
disastrous impacts of flooding due to sprawling
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