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Jane Jacobs coined the phrase 'eyes on the street' to depict those
who maintain order in cities. Most criminologists assume these eyes
belong to residents. In this Element we show that most of the eyes
she described belonged to shopkeepers and property owners. They,
along with governments, wield immense power through property
ownership and regulation. From her work, we propose a Neo-Jacobian
perspective to reframe how crime is connected to neighborhood
function through deliberate decision-making at places. It advances
three major turning points for criminology. This includes turns
from: 1. residents to place managers as the primary source of
informal social control; 2. ecological processes to outsiders'
deliberate actions that create crime opportunities; and 3. a
top-down macro- to bottom-up micro-spatial explanation of crime
patterns. This perspective demonstrates the need for criminology to
integrate further into economics, political science, urban
planning, and history to improve crime control policies.
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