Re-identification offers a useful tool for non-invasive biometric validation, surveillance, and human-robot interaction in a broad range of applications from crowd traffic management to personalised healthcare.

This comprehensive volume is the first work of its kind dedicated to addressing the challenge of "Person Re-Identification," presenting insights from an international selection of leading authorities in the field. Taking a strongly multidisciplinary approach, the text provides an in-depth discussion of recent developments and state-of-the-art methods drawn from the computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning communities, embracing both fundamental research and practical applications.

Topics and features: introduces examples of robust feature representations, reviews salient feature weighting and selection mechanisms, and examines the benefits of semantic attributes; describes how to segregate meaningful body parts from background clutter; examines the use of 3D depth images, and contextual constraints derived from the visual appearance of a group; reviews approaches to feature transfer function and distance metric learning, and discusses potential solutions to issues of data scalability and identity inference; investigates the limitations of existing benchmark datasets, presents strategies for camera topology inference, and describes techniques for improving post-rank search efficiency; explores the design rationale and implementation considerations of building a practical re-identification system.

This timely collection will be of great interest to academics, industrial researchers and postgraduates involved in computer vision and machine learning, database image retrieval, big data mining, and search engines, as well as to developers keen to exploit this emerging technology for commercial applications.

Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) cameras have been increasingly deployed pervasively in public spaces including retail centres and shopping malls. Intelligent video analytics aims to automatically analyze content of massive amount of public space video data and has been one of the most active areas of computer vision research in the last two decades. Current focus of video analytics research has been largely on detecting alarm events and abnormal behaviours for public safety and security applications. However, increasingly CCTV installations have also been exploited for gathering and analyzing business intelligence information, in order to enhance marketing and operational efficiency. For example, in retail environments, surveillance cameras can be utilised to collect statistical information about shopping behaviour and preference for marketing (e.g., how many people entered a shop; how many females/males or which age groups of people showed interests to a particular product; how long did they stay in the shop; and what are the frequent paths), and to measure operational efficiency for improving customer experience. Video analytics has the enormous potential for non-security oriented commercial applications. This book presents the latest developments on video analytics for business intelligence applications. It provides both academic and commercial practitioners an understanding of the state-of-the-art and a resource for potential applications and successful practice.

Demand continues to grow worldwide, from both government and commerce, for technologies capable of automatically selecting and identifying object/human behaviour.

This accessible text/reference presents a comprehensive and unified treatment of visual analysis of behaviour from computational-modelling and algorithm-design perspectives. The book provides in-depth discussion on computer vision and statistical machine learning techniques, in addition to reviewing a broad range of behaviour modelling problems. A mathematical background is not required to understand the content, although readers will benefit from modest knowledge of vectors and matrices, eigenvectors and eigenvalues, linear algebra, optimisation, multivariate analysis, probability, statistics and calculus.

Topics and features: provides a thorough introduction to the study and modelling of behaviour, and a concluding epilogue; covers learning-group activity models, unsupervised behaviour profiling, hierarchical behaviour discovery, learning behavioural context, modelling rare behaviours, and man-in-the-loop active learning of behaviours; examines multi-camera behaviour correlation, person re-identification, and connecting-the-dots for global abnormal behaviour detection; discusses Bayesian information criterion, Bayesian networks, bag-of-words representation, canonical correlation analysis, dynamic Bayesian networks, Gaussian mixtures, and Gibbs sampling; investigates hidden conditional random fields, hidden Markov models, human silhouette shapes, latent Dirichlet allocation, local binary patterns, locality preserving projection, and Markov processes; explores probabilistic graphical models, probabilistic topic models, space-time interest points, spectral clustering, and support vector machines; includes a helpful list of acronyms.

A valuable resource for both researchers in computer vision and machine learning, and for developers of commercial applications, the book can also serve as a useful reference for postgraduate students of computer science and behavioural science. Furthermore, policymakers and commercial managers will find this an informed guide on intelligent video analytics systems.

Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) cameras have been increasingly deployed pervasively in public spaces including retail centres and shopping malls. Intelligent video analytics aims to automatically analyze content of massive amount of public space video data and has been one of the most active areas of computer vision research in the last two decades. Current focus of video analytics research has been largely on detecting alarm events and abnormal behaviours for public safety and security applications. However, increasingly CCTV installations have also been exploited for gathering and analyzing business intelligence information, in order to enhance marketing and operational efficiency. For example, in retail environments, surveillance cameras can be utilised to collect statistical information about shopping behaviour and preference for marketing (e.g., how many people entered a shop; how many females/males or which age groups of people showed interests to a particular product; how long did they stay in the shop; and what are the frequent paths), and to measure operational efficiency for improving customer experience. Video analytics has the enormous potential for non-security oriented commercial applications. This book presents the latest developments on video analytics for business intelligence applications. It provides both academic and commercial practitioners an understanding of the state-of-the-art and a resource for potential applications and successful practice.

This book presents a comprehensive treatment of visual analysis of behaviour from computational-modelling and algorithm-design perspectives. Topics: covers learning-group activity models, unsupervised behaviour profiling, hierarchical behaviour discovery, learning behavioural context, modelling rare behaviours, and "man-in-the-loop" active learning; examines multi-camera behaviour correlation, person re-identification, and "connecting-the-dots" for abnormal behaviour detection; discusses Bayesian information criterion, Bayesian networks, "bag-of-words" representation, canonical correlation analysis, dynamic Bayesian networks, Gaussian mixtures, and Gibbs sampling; investigates hidden conditional random fields, hidden Markov models, human silhouette shapes, latent Dirichlet allocation, local binary patterns, locality preserving projection, and Markov processes; explores probabilistic graphical models, probabilistic topic models, space-time interest points, spectral clustering, and support vector machines.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures, AMFG 2007, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in October 2007 within the scope of ICCV 2007, the International Conference on Computer Vision.

The 8 revised full papers presented together with 13 revised poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The papers review the status of recognition, analysis and modeling of face, gesture, activity, and behavior. Topics addressed include feature representation, 3D face, robust recognition under pose and illumination variations, video-based face recognition, learning, facial motion analysis, body pose estimation, and sign recognition.

During the last 30 years, face recognition and related problems such as face detection/tracking and facial expression recognition have attracted researchers from both the engineering and psychology communities. In addition, extensive research has been carried out to study hand and body gestures. The understanding of how humans perceive these important cues has significant scientific value and extensive applications. For example, human-computer interaction, visual surveillance, and smart video indexing are active application areas. Aiming towards putting such amazing perception capability onto computer systems, researchers have made substantial progress. However, technological challenges still exist in many aspects. Following a format similar to the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures (AMFG) 2003, this one-day workshop (AMFG 2005) provided a focused international forum to bring together well-known researchers and research groups to review the status of recognition, analysis and modeling of faces and gestures, to discuss the challenges that we are facing, and to explore future directions. Overall, 30 papers were selected from 90 submitted manuscripts. The topics of these papers range from feature representation, robust recognition, learning, and 3D modeling to psychology. In addition, two invited talks were given, by Prof. Kanade and Dr. Phillips. The technical program was organized into four oral sessions and two poster sessions. This workshop would not have been possible without the timely reviews provided by the members of the Technical Program Committee under a tight schedule. October 2005 Wenyi Zhao Shaogang Gong Xiaoou Tang