The COVID-19 global pandemic has triggered health insecurity, food insecurity, and economic insecurity among many others in South Asia. It has profound impact on every sector of human activities ranging from the economic to environment. There is a need for a critical study of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for human security in order to fathom the emerging theoretical and policy issues in the region. Hence, the book provides an understanding of the consequences of the COVID-19 global pandemic for human security in South Asia. This intellectually stimulating book provides a critical analysis and insights on this contemporary challenge to policy makers, health professionals, academics, students, researchers, NGO workers working with health, human security and anyone interested in health and human security in South Asia. The book covers major human security areas, i.e. health security, food security, economic security, and environment issue. The role of regional cooperation and global health governance is also covered in the domain of COVID-19. This book fills the existing knowledge gap on the human security in South Asia in general and linking with COVID-19 in particular. From the perspective of policy, the insights of the study would guide the policy makers in South Asia in reframing their security policies emphasising human security issues and challenges. Finally, this book contributes to the evolving debate and discourse on the impact of the COVID-19 on the South Asian region from a human security perspective.

This book offers a timely review of modern technologies for health, with a special emphasis on wireless and wearable technologies, GIS tools and machine learning methods for managing the impacts of pandemics. It describes new strategies for forecasting evolution of pandemics, optimizing contract tracing, and for detection and diagnosis of diseases, among others. Written by researchers and professionals with different backgrounds, this book offers a extensive information and a source of inspiration for physiologists, engineers, IT scientists and policy makers in the health and technology sector.

This stimulating book examines the key issues - including border management, water cooperation, and connectivity - challenges and possibilities in Bangladesh-India relations in the last fifty years. The book also investigates the role of the 'China factor', the role of civil society in Bangladesh-India relations and maps out the future course of actions in Bangladesh-India partnership in the post-pandemic world. The book contributes to both from theoretical and policy perspective and therefore will be immensely useful to the students of International Relations, Political Science, to academics, researchers, and policymakers with interest on Bangladesh-India relations, Bangladesh foreign policy, India's foreign policy in particular, and South Asia in general.

The book reports the results of an impact assessment study of rural libraries in Bangladesh. The main objective of this study was to assess the performance and impact of rural libraries on rural communities in Bangladesh. The book covers literature review relating to user studies, rural information needs and seeking behaviour and impact assessment studies, delineates rural library projects in the developing and developed world, describes the summary of focus group discussions (FGDs), discusses the rural library situation in Bangladesh and presents summary of findings, recommendations and conclusion. The results of this study showed that rural library services have the potential to make a positive impact on community development in Bangladesh. The results also yielded several implications for rural libraries in Bangladesh, including how their services could be improved to have even greater impact on the communities they serve. Finally, the book proposes a model plan for rural libraries which can be replicated to speed up rural development in Bangladesh and beyond.

Cooperative communication allows several nodes to cooperatively transmit signals to a particular destination. Using cooperative communication, wireless networks could mitigate severe channel impairments arising from multipath propagation. In this case, the greater benefits are gained by exploiting spatial diversity in the channel. In this book, an overview on cooperative communication in wireless networks is presented. Practical issues and challenges in cooperative communication are identified. Cooperative routing strategies in different networks (wireless mesh networks, ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks) are discussed. However, cooperative routing strategy in a network with multiple flows may cause collision among helping nodes and thus, reduce the overall system performance. In this book, a new routing protocol based on new routing metric called Contention Sensitive Cooperative Metric (CSCM) is discussed, which takes contention relationship into consideration. Finally, the performance of the routing protocol has been evaluated using simulation. The results demonstrate significant performance improvement of cooperative communication while using CSCM.

A Solar Home System includes Solar PV, battery, and solar charge controller. In most cases solar energy consumer use solar energy at evening hours, but it is available in day time. So, it is required to store solar energy into battery. A solar charge controller, or charge regulator is similar to the voltage regulator. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels and goes to the battery. Most of the batteries are fully charged at 14 to 14.5 volts. On the other hand, battery's life time drastically reduces due to the discharge over the level of 70%-80% DOD; at this discharge level the battery voltage normally goes down to 11.5 0.2 volts. Each battery has certain limit of capacity. Battery lifetime reduces due to overcharging and deep discharging. As battery is a very expensive component of Solar Home System. So, it is essential to protect the batteries from over charging and deep discharging. In this case charge controller plays a vital role to protect this battery. The research aims to study the design and implementation of a low cost solar charge controller."

The right to health has been widely recognized by States and international organizations as fundamental human rights without which sustainable human development can not be achieved. States are responsible for the progressive realization of the rights to health. This paper aims to examine the existing right to health recognized in the national legislation of Bangladesh along with the health system and policies. It reviews the right to health mentioned in the international laws, defines case studies and analyzes areas for improvement. This legal case study has been based on literature review from primary and secondary sources and experience gained through personal communication and group discussions. The paper concludes that while Bangladesh has made progress in some of the indicators of health, the realization of right to health has not gained momentum and needs to be recognized as a priority area. The recommendations of this legal case study will help the policy makers of Bangladesh and other developing countries to develop policies which will reduce the health inequality and increased access to health for the entire population.

The main concern of the study was to find out the real picture of digital information resources among the university libraries of Bangladesh. It also attempts to find out the existing infrastructural facilities of the university libraries to run the digital resources smoothly and also covers the users' behaviors and knowledge status about digital information resources. Different digitization and digital library attempts in the libraries of Bangladesh are also taken place in the current study. The findings and recommendations from the study should hopefully lead to clarification of many problems in the formulation of planning and policy making regarding digital information resources. The researcher believes that it would help the librarians, policy makers and concerned authority to develop and implement a suitable system to accelerate digital resources in Bangladesh.

Optical amplifiers not only permit propagation of lightwave signals over thousand of kilometers, they also enables the use of massive WDM system and have led to the development of lightwave systems with capacities exceeding 1Tb/s. Fiber nonlinearities plays a very important role in designing such high capacity lightwave system. Two such nonlinear effects, cross-phase modulation (XPM) and self-phase modulation (SPM) are the prime subjects of concern in this book. XPM and SPM are two phase modulation phenomena subjected to the nonlinear intensity dependence of the core refractive index. Dispersion causes these phase modulations to appear as intensity variation of the propagating signal at the receiving end of the system. This book is based on the extensive analytical study on Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) and Self-Phase Modulation (SPM), which have a very significant effect on today's high speed DWDM system. Throughout this book, the authors have presented their research outcome and relevant theoretical overview. This book will help, researchers and students who are working with the performance analysis of optical system due to different fiber nonlinearities.

Efficient generation of combinatorial objects is a well-researched area. Among them many literature devoted on the combinatorial Gray code approach where the goal is to find a Hamiltonian path or cycle in a representative graph of the corresponding combinatorial class. Another approach namely genealogical tree approach has been recently introduced where the goal is to find a rooted spanning tree in the representative graph. Researchers have also focused on finding general patterns in the generation techniques of combinatorial classes so that common approaches can be applied to a large number of related problems. Here, we propose a unifying framework for combinatorial generation by giving recursive definition of an abstract combinatorial class. The definition can be instantiated to an array of specific combinatorial classes namely n-tuple, combination, integer partition, set partition and binary trees by specifying the framework parameters appropriately. As an illustration, we show the instantiation of the combinatorial class of n-tuples, combinations and balanced parenthesis strings and also give novel constant-time generation algorithm for each of them.

Deep linguistic processing is a research-intensive area with several potential applications. Amidst the vast literature on formal linguistic theory, Head- driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) has a unique position, since it combines the best features of the contemporary approaches as well as establishes an integrated framework for cross-layer representation of linguistic objects. There is very few HPSG analysis of Arabic morphological, syntactic and semantic features. Arabic is the best instance of nonconcatenative morphology among the living languages. Arabic verb system shows a rich morphology, capable of lexically expressing diverse syntactic and semantic phenomena. Formalisms of existing morphological analyzers for Arabic cannot capture this higher layer diversity due to a lack of mathematical rigor and expressiveness. In this book, we discuss the HPSG framework to support rich nonconcatenative morphology of Arabic verbs. We present HPSG analysis of the agency of Arabic passives and reflexives as well as morphologically complex predication of causatives in accordance with the existing analysis in other languages.