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The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected communities
of color while highlighting the prevalence of structural racism in
the United States. This crucial collection of essays, written by
leading scholars from the fields of communications, political
science, health, philosophy, and geography, explores the manifold
ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted upon Black,
Latinx, and Indigenous communities and the way we see race
relations in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed
the significance of U.S. health inequalities, which the World
Health Organization defines as "avoidable [and] unfair." It has
also highlighted structural racism, specifically, institutions,
practices, values, customs, and policies that differentially
allocate resources and opportunities so as to increase inequity
among racial groups. Navarro and Hernandez therefore argue that the
COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed a race war in America that has
further marginalized communities of color by limiting access to
resources by different racial and ethnic minorities, particularly
women within these communities. Moreover, the systemic policies of
the past that upheld or failed to address the unequal social
conditions affecting Blacks, Latinxs, and other minorities have now
been magnified with COVID-19. The volume concludes by offering
recommendations to prevent future humanitarian crises from
exacerbating racial divisions and having a disproportionate impact
upon ethnic minorities. This timely volume will be of great
interest to those interested in the study of race and the social
impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected communities
of color while highlighting the prevalence of structural racism in
the United States. This crucial collection of essays, written by
leading scholars from the fields of communications, political
science, health, philosophy, and geography, explores the manifold
ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted upon Black,
Latinx, and Indigenous communities and the way we see race
relations in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed
the significance of U.S. health inequalities, which the World
Health Organization defines as "avoidable [and] unfair." It has
also highlighted structural racism, specifically, institutions,
practices, values, customs, and policies that differentially
allocate resources and opportunities so as to increase inequity
among racial groups. Navarro and Hernandez therefore argue that the
COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed a race war in America that has
further marginalized communities of color by limiting access to
resources by different racial and ethnic minorities, particularly
women within these communities. Moreover, the systemic policies of
the past that upheld or failed to address the unequal social
conditions affecting Blacks, Latinxs, and other minorities have now
been magnified with COVID-19. The volume concludes by offering
recommendations to prevent future humanitarian crises from
exacerbating racial divisions and having a disproportionate impact
upon ethnic minorities. This timely volume will be of great
interest to those interested in the study of race and the social
impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
The challenges that women face as political candidates can be
compounded by race. In the case of Latinas, stereotypes as well as
national media coverage and labeling of "Latino" issues potentially
creates an electoral burden for Latina candidates at the local,
state, and national level. The intersection of race and gender is
complicated and often creates more questions than it answers. How
are Latinas elected? Are they served by this complex identity or
hindered by it? Latinas in American Politics: Embracing and
Changing Political Tradition begins addressing the issues by
examining the stereotypes Latinas face while running for political
office. More specifically, the perception of voters on ideological
standings of Latinas provides insight as to what party Latinas are
identified with and how they can use this to their advantage. In
addition to establishing the role stereotypes play in the
electability of Latinas, the way they use and diffuse these
stereotypes via campaigns is examined. The images that Latinas
present and how they interact with voters via social media
establishes a new dynamic in campaigning and allows for theory
building in the area of race, gender, and campaigns. Aside from
campaigning, party identification for a Latina creates a different
barrier. How do Latinas bridge this? Case studies of prominent
Latina officials are examined to understand within which contexts
and under what conditions Latinas as candidates and as elected
officials will experience intersectionality as advantage and
disadvantage. Finally, the examination of Latina congressional
members shows whether and how the intersection of gender and
ethnicity in descriptive representation contributes uniquely to
patterns of substantive representation. Ultimately, this volume
demonstrates how the intersection of race and gender creates unique
situations for representation and electability of candidates.
In the decades since Latinas began to hold public office in the
United States in the late 1950s, they have blazed new trails in
public life, bringing fresh perspectives, leadership styles, and
policy agendas to the business of governing cities, counties,
states, and the nation. As of 2004, Latinas occupied 27.4 percent
of the more than 6,000 elected and appointed local, state, and
national positions filled by Hispanic officeholders. The greatest
number of these Latina officeholders reside in Texas, where nearly
six hundred women occupy posts from municipal offices, school
boards, and county offices to seats in the Texas House and Senate.
In this book, five Latina political scientists profile the women
who have been the first Latinas to hold key elected and appointed
positions in Texas government. Through interviews with each woman
or her associates, the authors explore and theorize about Latina
officeholders' political socialization, decision to run for office
and obstacles overcome, leadership style, and representational
roles and advocacy. The profiles begin with Irma Rangel, the first
Latina elected to the Texas House of Representatives, and Judith
Zaffirini and Leticia Van de Putte, the only two Latinas to serve
in the Texas Senate. The authors also interview Lena Guerrero, the
first and only Latina to serve in a statewide office; judges Linda
Yanes, Alma Lopez, Elma Salinas Ender, Mary Roman, and Alicia
Chacon; mayors Blanca Sanchez Vela (Brownsville), Betty Flores
(Laredo), and Olivia Serna (Crystal City); and Latina city
councilwomen from San Antonio, El Paso, Dallas, Houston, and
Laredo.
The essays selected in this study collectively suggest that
political agency can encompass everything from voting, lobbying,
networking, grassroots organizing, and mobilization, to dramatic
protest.
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