|
Showing 1 - 13 of
13 matches in All Departments
The National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public workshop,
Incorporating Weight Management and Physical Activity Throughout
the Cancer Care Continuum, on February 13 and 14, 2017, in
Washington, DC. The purpose of this workshop was to highlight the
current evidence base, gaps in knowledge, and research needs on the
associations among obesity, physical activity, weight management,
and health outcomes for cancer survivors, as well as to examine the
effectiveness of interventions for promoting physical activity and
weight management among people living with or beyond cancer.
Workshop sessions also reviewed the opportunities and challenges
for providing weight management and physical activity interventions
to cancer survivors. This publication summarizes the presentations
and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter
Proceedings of a Workshop Appendix A: Statement of Task Appendix B:
Workshop Agenda
|
Making Medicines Affordable - A National Imperative (Paperback)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Care Services, Committee on Ensuring Patient Access to Affordable Drug Therapies; Edited by Sharyl J. Nass, …
|
R1,675
Discovery Miles 16 750
|
Ships in 12 - 17 working days
|
Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to
science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or
manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same
time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of
a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total
medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the
gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of
national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription
drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of
biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political
implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large
price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent
years, finding a way to make prescription medicines?and health care
at large?more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic
imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors,
including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the
details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of
medical conditions that an individual or family confronts.
Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require
considering all of these factors together. The current high and
increasing costs of prescription drugs?coupled with the broader
trends in overall health care costs?is unsustainable to society as
a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to
affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing,
inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report
explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing,
drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative
effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of
medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and
measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation
in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions
that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to
affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that
address significant needs in health care. Table of Contents Front
Matter Summary 1 The Affordability Conundrum 2 Complexity in Action
3 Factors Influencing Affordability 4 Strategies to Improve
Affordability and Availability References Appendix A: A Dissenting
View - Michael Rosenblatt and Henri Termeer Appendix B: A Minority
Perspective - Rena Conti, Stacie Dusetzina, Martha Gaines,Rebekah
Gee, Victoria Hale, Peter Sands, and Alan Weil Appendix C: Glossary
Appendix D: Stakeholder Input Appendix E: Biographical Information
Appendix F: Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
A long-held goal in oncology has been to develop therapies that
target the specific abnormalities in each patient's cancer rather
than simply treating cancers based on the tissue of origin. In the
past decade, advances in technology have enabled researchers to
relatively quickly and inexpensively determine, in minute detail,
the genetic makeup of tumors. Although relatively few targeted
cancer therapies are currently available in the clinic and it is
not yet clear whether all cancers are driven by genetic changes
that can be targeted, there is widespread optimism in the cancer
community that this new ability to assess the genetic abnormalities
in tumors will ultimately lead to better cancer treatments and
improved patient outcomes. Policy Issues in the Development and
Adoption of Biomarkers for Molecularly Targeted Cancer Therapies is
the summary of a workshop convened in November 2014 by the
Institute of Medicine's National Cancer Policy Forum to discuss
recent trends in the development and implementation of molecularly
targeted cancer therapies and explore potential policy actions to
address specific challenges. This report highlights the
presentations and discussions at the workshop. Table of Contents
Front Matter Workshop Summary Appendix: Workshop Statement of Task
and Agenda
In recent years, patients' out-of-pocket costs for cancer care have
been rising rapidly. These costs include health insurance
deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments for covered services, as
well as services that are not covered by insurance. Many cancer
patients are especially vulnerable financially because their
illness and/or treatment impedes their ability to work, with some
patients losing employment altogether. Even with insurance, cancer
patients often experience financial hardships, such as going into
debt, depleting all assets to pay for cancer treatment, and
personal bankruptcy. Although many elements contribute to the cost
of cancer care, one important component is the cost of new cancer
drugs, which has been escalating rapidly in recent years. To
explore the issue of cancer drug costs and patient access to
affordable, appropriate drug therapies, the Institute of Medicine's
National Cancer Policy Forum convened a workshop on ensuring
patient access to affordable cancer drugs in June 2014.
Affordability was considered from both individual and societal
perspectives. The workshop featured discussion panels as well as
invited presentations from clinicians, researchers, representatives
from the health insurance and pharmaceutical industries, and
patient advocates. Ensuring Patient Access to Affordable Cancer
Drugs summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
Indigenous communities experience higher risks for suicide compared
to the general U.S. population, with suicide as the second-leading
cause of death among Indigenous children and young adults in North
America. To reduce this trend, it is essential for prevention and
intervention efforts to build on scientific evidence; cultural and
local knowledge; and the best community, family, and institutional
practices to reduce risk and increase protection. The Forum on
Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders and the Forum for
Children's Well-Being at the National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine convened a three-part virtual public
workshop on April 26, 2022, May 13, 2022, and June 10, 2022, to
examine suicide risk and protective factors in Indigenous
populations, discuss culturally appropriate and effective suicide
prevention policies and programs, explore existing data systems and
how data can be used for tracking suicide rates, and consider
opportunities for action. This Proceedings highlights presentations
and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter
Proceedings of a Workshop Appendix A: Statement of Task Appendix B:
Workshop Agenda
New technologies and improved understanding of the genesis and
progression of various cancers have added to the enthusiasm for
potential new strategies to improve screening and early detection
of cancer. Research is also under way to evaluate refinements in
current screening approaches, including determining optimal
screening intervals, the ages at which screening should begin and
end, as well as more specific estimates of the potential risks and
benefits of screening for certain populations, such as racial and
ethnic minority populations and people who have elevated risk for
specific cancers. However, there remain significant challenges to
developing, validating, and effectively implementing new cancer
screening approaches. Guidelines for screening issued by different
organizations vary considerably with no clear way of deciding which
guidelines are most trustworthy. There is also a need to improve
access to high-quality cancer screening and follow-up care,
particularly in low-resource communities and among populations who
are underserved or have numerous barriers to receiving care. To
examine the challenges and opportunities related to improving
current approaches to cancer screening, as well as the evidence
base for novel cancer screening methods, the National Cancer Policy
Forum held a workshop, Advancing Progress in the Development and
Implementation of Effective, High-Quality Cancer Screening, on
March 2-3, 2020, in Washington, DC. This workshop convened a broad
range of experts, including clinicians, researchers, statisticians,
and patient advocates, as well as representatives of health care
organizations, academic medical centers, insurers, and federal
agencies. This publication summarizes the presentations and
discussions of the workshop and highlights suggestions from
individual participants regarding how to improve cancer screening.
Table of Contents Front Matter Proceedings of a Workshop Appendix
A: Statement of Task Appendix B: Workshop Agenda
Many cancer patients are diagnosed at a stage in which the cancer
is too far advanced to be cured, and most cancer treatments are
effective in only a minority of patients undergoing therapy. Thus,
there is tremendous opportunity to improve the outcome for people
with cancer by enhancing detection and treatment approaches.
Biomarkers will be instrumental in making that transition. Advances
in biotechnology and genomics have given scientists new hope that
biomarkers can be used to improve cancer screening and detection,
to improve the drug development process, and to enhance the
effectiveness and safety of cancer care by allowing physicians to
tailor treatment for individual patients—an approach known
as personalized medicine. However, progress overall has been slow,
despite considerable effort and investment, and there are still
many challenges and obstacles to overcome before this paradigm
shift in oncology can become a reality. Table of Contents Front
Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Methods, Tools, and Resources
Needed to Discover and Develop Biomarkers 3 Guidelines, Standards,
Oversight, and Incentives Needed for Biomarker Development 4
Methods and Process Needed for Clinical Adoption and Evaluation of
Biomarker-Based Diagnostics Acronyms and Glossary Appendix:
Developing Biomarker-Based Tools for Cancer Screening,
Diagnosis,and Treatment: The State of the Science, Evaluation,
Implementation, and Economics, Workshop Summary--Margie Patlak and
Sharyl Nass, Rapporteurs
|
Improving Breast Imaging Quality Standards (Paperback)
Committee on Improving Mammography Quality Standards, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, National Cancer Policy Board, Institute of Medicine; Edited by …
|
R1,220
Discovery Miles 12 200
|
Ships in 12 - 17 working days
|
Mammography is an important tool for detecting breast cancer at an
early stage. When coupled with appropriate treatment, early
detection can reduce breast cancer mortality. At the request of
Congress, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioned a
study to examine the current practice of mammography and breast
cancer detection, with a focus on the FDAa (TM)s oversight via the
Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA), to identify areas in need
of improvement. Enacted in 1993, MQSA provides a general framework
for ensuring national quality standards in facilities performing
screening mammography, requires that each mammography facility be
accredited and certified, and mandates that facilities will undergo
annual inspections. This book recommends strategies for achieving
continued progress in assuring mammography quality, including
changes to MQSA regulation, as well as approaches that do not fall
within the purview of MQSA. Specifically, this book provides
recommendations aimed at improving mammography interpretation;
revising MQSA regulations, inspections, and enforcement; ensuring
an adequate workforce for breast cancer screening and diagnosis;
and improving breast imaging quality beyond mammography.
As information technology becomes an integral part of health care,
it is important to collect and analyze data in a way that makes the
information understandable and useful. Informatics tools-which help
collect, organize, and analyze data-are essential to biomedical and
health research and development. The field of cancer research is
facing an overwhelming deluge of data, heightening the national
urgency to find solutions to support and sustain the cancer
informatics ecosystem. There is a particular need to integrate
research and clinical data to facilitate personalized medicine
approaches to cancer prevention and treatment-for example,
tailoring treatment based on an individual patient's genetic makeup
as well as that of the tumor-and to allow for more rapid learning
from patient experiences. To further examine informatics needs and
challenges for 21st century biomedical research, the IOM's National
Cancer Policy Forum held a workshop February 27-28, 2012. The
workshop was designed to raise awareness of the critical and urgent
importance of the challenges, gaps and opportunities in
informatics; to frame the issues surrounding the development of an
integrated system of cancer informatics for acceleration of
research; and to discuss solutions for transformation of the cancer
informatics enterprise. Informatics Needs and Challenges in Cancer
Research: Workshop Summary summarizes the workshop. Table of
Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Overview of the Cancer
Informatics Landscape 3 Informatics and Personalized Medicine 4
Informatics-Supported Cancer Research Endeavors 5 Potential
Pathways and Models for Moving Forward 6 Proposal for a Coalition
of All Stakeholders 7 Transforming Cancer Informatics: From Silos
to Systems Acronyms Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B:
Speaker, Moderator, and Panelist Biographies
Recent research suggests that obesity and excess weight can play a
prominent role in the incidence and progression of various cancers.
Obesity results from an energy imbalance - that is, energy intake
that is higher than energy expenditure - could also influence the
growth of cancers. Recognizing the impact that current findings on
obesity and cancer could have on future cancer prevention and care,
the National Cancer policy Forum (NCPF) of the Institute of
Medicine (IOM) help a 2-day workshop on "The Role of Obesity in
Cancer Survival and Recurrence," in Washington, DC, on October 31
and November 1, 2011. The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and
Recurrence: Workshop Summary reviews each presenter's latest
clinical evidence on the obesity-cancer link and the molecular
mechanisms that might explain that link. Clinicians, researchers,
cancer survivors, and policy makers also discussed potential
interventions to counter the effects of obesity on cancer, and
research and policy measures needed to stem the rising tide of
cancer mortality predicted by an increasingly overweight and older
population worldwide. The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and
Recurrence: Workshop Summary explores the complex web of molecular
mechanisms that underlie the obesity-cancer link, the ways to
design future studies to acquire the information needed to guide
patient care, what to advise cancer patients about weight loss,
diet, exercise, and other measures to reduce their risk of cancer
progression or recurrence and policy suggestions related to
research, education, and dissemination of the findings on obesity
and cancer. Table of Contents Front Matter Workshop Summary
Appendix A: Acronyms Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C:
Speaker Biographies
The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Clinical Trials Cooperative
Group Program has played a key role in developing new and improved
cancer therapies. However, the program is falling short of its
potential, and the IOM recommends changes that aim to transform the
Cooperative Group Program into a dynamic system that efficiently
responds to emerging scientific knowledge; involves broad
cooperation of stakeholders; and leverages evolving technologies to
provide high-quality, practice-changing research. Table of Contents
Front Matter Executive Summary Overview of Conclusions and
Recommendations 1 Introduction 2 The Science of Developing Cancer
Therapy 3 Operations, Oversight, and Funding of Cancer Clinical
Trials 4 Physician and Patient Participation in Cancer Clinical
Trials Appendix A: Previous and Ongoing Analyses Undertaken by NCI
Appendix B: Committee Member and Staff Biographies Acronyms
Glossary
In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed a number of
technological advances, including more precise radiation therapy
and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Three-dimensional (3D),
stereotactic, and proton-beam radiation therapy, as well as
laparoscopy and robotic surgery, can enhance clinician's ability to
treat conditions that were clinically challenging with conventional
technologies, and may improve clinical outcomes or reduce
treatment-related problems for some patients. Both patients and
physicians seek access to these new technologies, which are rapidly
being adopted into standard clinical practice. Such demand is often
propelled by marketing that portrays the new technologies as the
"latest and greatest" treatments available. However, evidence is
often lacking to support these claims, and these novel technologies
usually come with higher price tags and are often used to treat
patients who might have achieved similar benefits from less
expensive, conventional treatment. The increased cost of novel
treatments without adequate assessment of how they affect patient
outcomes is a pressing concern given that inappropriate use of
expensive technologies is one of the key factors that threaten the
affordability of cancer care in the United States. To explore these
issues further, the National Cancer Policy Forum (NCPF) of the
Institute of Medicine organized a workshop in July 2015. This is
the third NCPF workshop in a series examining the affordability of
cancer care. Participants explored clinical benefits and
comparative effectiveness of emerging advanced technologies for
cancer treatment in radiation therapy and surgery and potential
strategies to assess the value and promote optimal use of new
technologies in cancer treatment. This report summarizes the
presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents
Front Matter Workshop Summary Appendix A: Statement of Task
Appendix B: Workshop Agenda
The nature of biomedical research has been evolving in recent
years. Technological advances that make it easier to study the vast
complexity of biological systems have led to the initiation of
projects with a larger scale and scope. In many cases, these
large-scale analyses may be the most efficient and effective way to
extract functional information from complex biological systems.
Large-Scale Biomedical Science: Exploring Strategies for Research
looks at the role of these new large-scale projects in the
biomedical sciences. Though written by the National Academies'
Cancer Policy Board, this book addresses implications of
large-scale science extending far beyond cancer research. It also
identifies obstacles to the implementation of these projects, and
makes recommendations to improve the process. The ultimate goal of
biomedical research is to advance knowledge and provide useful
innovations to society. Determining the best and most efficient
method for accomplishing that goal, however, is a continuing and
evolving challenge. The recommendations presented in Large-Scale
Biomedical Science are intended to facilitate a more open,
inclusive, and accountable approach to large-scale biomedical
research, which in turn will maximize progress in understanding and
controlling human disease. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive
Summary 1. Introduction 2. Defining "Large-Scale Science" in
Biomedical Research 3. Models of Large-Scale Science 4. Funding for
Large-Scale Science 5. Organization and Management of Large-Scale
Biomedical Research Projects 6. Training and Career Structures in
Biomedical Research 7. Intellectual Property and Access to Research
Tools and Data 8. Findings and Recommendations References Appendix
Index
|
You may like...
Not available
Loot
Nadine Gordimer
Paperback
(2)
R398
R330
Discovery Miles 3 300
|