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In recent years, the algal biorefinery is seen as a promising
alternative to fossil derived products that reduce the
environmental pollution, product costs and support circular
bioeconomy. However, the upstream algal cultivation and downstream
processing are the energy intensive processes and are considered as
bottlenecks in promoting algal biorefinery. Improving the biomass
productivity and bioproduct developments are still underway, while
a number of novel bioprocess and bio-reactor engineering
technologies were developed recently. Therefore, this book provides
extensive knowledge of microalgae refineries. This book is divided
into two volumes (Vol. I & Vol. II), which presents complete
coverage of microalgae refineries. Therefore, Vol. I offers
complete coverage of the algal bioproducts process, including
biotechnological applications and environmental effects of
microalgae cultivation. While Vol. II, provides various industrial
applications and future prospects of algal biorefinery for
sustainable development of circular bioeconomy. With contributions
from world experts, focuses on microalgae from an organism
perspective to deliver a complete picture from evolution to
bioproducts. The edited book provides a concise introduction to the
science, biology, technology, and application of algae. It covers
downstream and upstream steps of the algal refinery for the
production of algal biomass, which has several social benefits.
The current paradigm of forest economics is based on Faustmann
Formulation (FF) of land expectation value proposed by Martin
Faustmann. It was a great achievement by a forester to propose a
formulation that captures some fundamental economic features of
capital theory which. However, the followers of the FF approach
have trapped themselves into the past, and have not shown any
indication of economic acumen of the great Faustmann. This has
resulted in a common problem in the current paradigm of forest
economics, known as Faustmann Forest Resource Economics (FFRE), to
prescribe the application of a single (FF) approach to all
situations irrespective of the specific features of the situation.
The current state of forest economics is similar to that of
neoclassical economics, and is full of inefficiencies. In
neoclassical economics, inefficiencies are due to its "locked-in"
position in rational economic man, while in forest economics
inefficiencies are due to its "locked-in" position in the FF. The
focus of this volume is on the new paradigm of forest economics
termed as Post-Faustmann Forest Resource Economics (PFFRE). The
first chapter lays the foundation of the PFFRE, and presents the
key distinctions between the FFRE and the PFFRE. The volume
includes twelve other chapters that address issues related to
forest economics from perspectives different than the FFRE. Chapter
2 to 6 are focused on issues related to human behavior that is
different than the rational economic man, Chapter 7 and 8 on public
choice theory, Chapter 9 and 10 on systems approaches, and Chapter
11 to 13 on incremental approaches to incorporate new features in
the FFRE.
A new economic theory, rather than a new public policy based on old
theory, is needed to guide humanity toward sustainability.
Institutions are a critical dimension of sustainability and
sustainable forest management, and economic analysis of
institutional dimension requires an inclusionist rather than an
exclusionist approach. This book provides a systematic critique of
neoclassical economic approaches and their limitations with respect
to sustainability. Leading institutional economists discuss
theoretical perspectives about appropriate institutions for
sustainable forest management, markets for environmental services,
deforestation and specialization, and some country experiences
about Kyoto Protocol, international trade, biodiversity
conservation, and sustainable forest management in general. The
book includes the ideas from old as well as new institutional
economics and discusses the main features of Post-Newtonian
economics.
"Algae are mysterious and fascinating organisms that hold great
potential for discovery and biotechnology." -Dr. Thierry Tonon,
Department of Biology, University of York "Science is a beautiful
gift to humanity; we should not distort it." -A.P.J. Abdul Kalam In
this book, we emphasise the importance of algal biotechnology as a
sustainable platform to replace the conventional fossil-based
economy. With this focus, Volume 2 summarizes up-to-date literature
knowledge and discusses the advances in algal cultivation, genetic
improvement, wastewater treatment, resource recovery, commercial
operation, and technoeconomic analysis of algal biotechnology.
FEATURES Discusses in detail recent developments in algae
cultivation and biomass harvesting Provides an overview of genetic
engineering and algal-bacteria consortia to improve productivity
Presents applications of algae in the area of wastewater treatment
and resource recovery Provides case studies and technoeconomic
analysis to understand the algal biorefinery Shashi Kant Bhatia,
PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological
Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea. Sanjeet
Mehariya, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Department of
Chemistry, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. Obulisamy Parthiba
Karthikeyan, PhD, is a Research Scientist and Lecturer (Adjunct) in
the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota
School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA.
The book covers several new research findings in the area of
generalized convexity and integral inequalities. Integral
inequalities using various type of generalized convex functions are
applicable in many branches of mathematics such as mathematical
analysis, fractional calculus, and discrete fractional calculus.
The book contains integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type,
Hermite- Hadamard-Fejer type and majorization type for the
generalized strongly convex functions. It presents Hermite-Hadamard
type inequalities for functions defined on Time scales. Further, it
provides the generalization and extensions of the concept of
preinvexity for interval-valued functions and stochastic processes,
and give Hermite-Hadamard type and Ostrowski type inequalities for
these functions. These integral inequalities are utilized in
numerous areas for the boundedness of generalized convex functions.
Features: Covers Interval-valued calculus, Time scale calculus,
Stochastic processes – all in one single book Numerous examples
to validate results Provides an overview of the current state of
integral inequalities and convexity for a much wider audience,
including practitioners Applications of some special means of real
numbers are also discussed The book is ideal for anyone teaching or
attending courses in integral inequalities along with researchers
in this area.
The economics of sustainability is much more complex than the
neoclassical (Newtonian) economic approach to economic efficiency.
Forest resources provide the ideal starting point for the economic
analysis of sustainability. This book provides a systematic
critique of neoclassical economic approaches and their limitations
with respect to sustainability. Leading economists from different
streams of economics discuss key economic aspects of sustainability
and sustainable forest management including complexity, ethical
issues, consumer choice theory, intergenerational equity,
non-convexities, and multiple equilibria. This is the book which
integrates different streams of economics - complexity theory,
behavioral economics, post-Keynesian consumer choice theory, social
choice theory, and non-convexities - and suggests the main features
of Post-Newtonian economics.
Explains the Role of IoT Technologies in Business and Production
Offers Applications of Data-driven IoT in AI Ecosystem Provides
IoT-based Technologies for various of industries Includes Data
Visualization Tools and Applications Explains AR/VR Technologies in
Business and Production
This book discusses the basic principles of sustainable development
in a smart city ecosystem to better serve the life of citizens. It
examines smart city systems driven by emerging IoT-powered
technologies and the other dependent platforms. AI, IoT
Technologies, Big Data Solutions, Cloud Platforms, and
Cybersecurity Techniques in Developing Smart Cities, discusses the
design and implementation of the core components of the Smart City
ecosystem. The editors discuss the effective management and
development of smart city infrastructures, starting with planning
and integrating complex models and diverse frameworks into an
ecosystem. Specifically the chapters examines the core
infrastructure elements including activities of the public and
private services as well as innovative ICT solutions, Computer
Vision, IoT technologies, Data tools, Cloud services, AR/VR
technologies, Cybersecurity techniques, Treatment solution of the
environmental water pollution, and other intelligent devices for
supporting sustainable living in the smart environment. The
chapters also discuss machine vision models and implementation as
well as real-time robotic applications. Upon reading the book users
will be able handle the challenges and improvements of security for
smart systems, and will have the know-how to analysis and visualize
data using big data tools and visualization applications. The book
will provide the technologies, solutions as well as designs about
the application design of the smart cities with advanced tools and
techniques to students, researchers, engineers and academics.
This reference textbooks discusses the low power designs for
emerging applications. This book focuses on the research challenges
associated with theory, design, and applications towards emerging
Microelectronics and VLSI device design and developments, about low
power consumptions. The advancements in large-scale integration
technologies are principally responsible for the growth of the
electronics industry. This book is focused for senior
undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals in the field
of electrical and electronics engineering, nanotechnology, this
book: • Discusses various low power techniques and applications
for designing efficient circuits. • Covers advance nanodevices
like FinFETs, TFETs, CNTFETs. • Covers various emerging area like
Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Circuits and FPGAs and sensors. •
Discuss applications like memory design for low power applications
using nanodevices. The number of options for ICs in control
applications, telecommunications, high-performance computing, and
consumer electronics continues to grow with the emergence of VLSI
designs. Nanodevices have revolutionized the electronics market and
human life; it has impacted individual life to make it more
convenient. They are ruling every sector like electronics, energy,
biomedicine, food, environment, and communication. The book will
discuss various emerging low power applications using CMOS and
other emerging nanodevices.
"Algae are mysterious and fascinating organisms that hold great
potential for discovery and biotechnology." -Dr. Thierry Tonon,
Department of Biology, University of York "Science is a beautiful
gift to humanity; we should not distort it." -A.P.J. Abdul Kalam In
this book, we emphasize the importance of algal biotechnology as a
sustainable platform to replace the conventional fossil-based
economy. With this focus, Volume 2 summarizes the up-to-date
literature and knowledge and discusses the advances in algal
cultivation, genetic improvement, wastewater treatment, resource
recovery, commercial operation, and technoeconomic analysis of
algal biotechnology. FEATURES Discusses in detail recent
developments in algae cultivation and biomass harvesting Provides
an overview of genetic engineering and algal-bacteria consortia to
improve productivity Presents applications of algae in the area of
wastewater treatment and resource recovery Provides case studies
and technoeconomic analysis to understand the algal biorefinery
Shashi Kant Bhatia, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the
Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul,
South Korea. Sanjeet Mehariya, PhD, is a Postdoctoral Researcher at
the Department of Chemistry, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.
Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, PhD, is a Research Scientist and
Lecturer (Adjunct) in the Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid
City, South Dakota, USA.
The book Computer Applications in Engineering and Management is
about computer applications in management, electrical engineering,
electronics engineering, and civil engineering. It covers the
software tools for office automation, introduces the basic concepts
of database management, and provides an overview about the concepts
of data communication, internet, and e-commerce. Additionally, the
book explains the principles of computing management used in
construction of buildings in civil engineering and the role of
computers in power grid automation in electronics engineering.
Features Provides an insight to prospective research and
application areas related to industry and technology Includes
industry-based inputs Provides a hands-on approach for readers of
the book to practice and assimilate learning This book is primarily
aimed at undergraduates and graduates in computer science,
information technology, civil engineering, electronics and
electrical engineering, management, academicians, and research
scholars.
This text emphasizes the importance of sustainable material,
design, and manufacturing processes, and how the needs are changing
day by day. It comprehensively covers important topics including
material recycling, optimal utilization of resources, green
materials, biocomposites, clean and green synthesis, stable
material properties, utilization of renewable energy sources,
ergonomic design, and sustainable design. The text examines the
design process, manufacturing, and upscaling of next-generation
materials and their application in diverse industries. The text is
primarily written for graduate students and academic researchers in
the fields of manufacturing engineering, materials science,
mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering. Presents an
in-depth understanding of the progress of the need for new
innovative and next-generation materials. Discusses biocomposites
and green materials for eco-friendly products in a comprehensive
manner. Explores recycling techniques of materials for sustainable
manufacturing. Presents conceptual framework of sustainable product
development. Covers important topics such as process optimization,
renewable energy, and 3D printing in detail. The text discusses the
designing process of these new materials, manufacturing, and
upscaling of these materials along with their selection for
industrial applications. It further focuses on improving surface
homogeneity in nanoparticle scattering during dip coating for
stable and efficient wettability during oil/water separation. It
will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and
academic researchers in the fields of manufacturing engineering,
materials science, mechanical engineering, and environmental
engineering.
Pseudolinear Functions and Optimization is the first book to focus
exclusively on pseudolinear functions, a class of generalized
convex functions. It discusses the properties, characterizations,
and applications of pseudolinear functions in nonlinear
optimization problems. The book describes the characterizations of
solution sets of various optimization problems. It examines
multiobjective pseudolinear, multiobjective fractional
pseudolinear, static minmax pseudolinear, and static minmax
fractional pseudolinear optimization problems and their results.
The authors extend these results to locally Lipschitz functions
using Clarke subdifferentials. They also present optimality and
duality results for h-pseudolinear and semi-infinite pseudolinear
optimization problems. The authors go on to explore the
relationships between vector variational inequalities and vector
optimization problems involving pseudolinear functions. They
present characterizations of solution sets of pseudolinear
optimization problems on Riemannian manifolds as well as results on
pseudolinearity of quadratic fractional functions. The book also
extends n-pseudolinear functions to pseudolinear and n-pseudolinear
fuzzy mappings and characterizations of solution sets of
pseudolinear fuzzy optimization problems and n-pseudolinear fuzzy
optimization problems. The text concludes with some applications of
pseudolinear optimization problems to hospital management and
economics. This book encompasses nearly all the published
literature on the subject along with new results on semi-infinite
nonlinear programming problems. It will be useful to readers from
mathematical programming, industrial engineering, and operations
management.
Pseudolinear Functions and Optimization is the first book to focus
exclusively on pseudolinear functions, a class of generalized
convex functions. It discusses the properties, characterizations,
and applications of pseudolinear functions in nonlinear
optimization problems. The book describes the characterizations of
solution sets of various optimization problems. It examines
multiobjective pseudolinear, multiobjective fractional
pseudolinear, static minmax pseudolinear, and static minmax
fractional pseudolinear optimization problems and their results.
The authors extend these results to locally Lipschitz functions
using Clarke subdifferentials. They also present optimality and
duality results for h-pseudolinear and semi-infinite pseudolinear
optimization problems. The authors go on to explore the
relationships between vector variational inequalities and vector
optimization problems involving pseudolinear functions. They
present characterizations of solution sets of pseudolinear
optimization problems on Riemannian manifolds as well as results on
pseudolinearity of quadratic fractional functions. The book also
extends n-pseudolinear functions to pseudolinear and n-pseudolinear
fuzzy mappings and characterizations of solution sets of
pseudolinear fuzzy optimization problems and n-pseudolinear fuzzy
optimization problems. The text concludes with some applications of
pseudolinear optimization problems to hospital management and
economics. This book encompasses nearly all the published
literature on the subject along with new results on semi-infinite
nonlinear programming problems. It will be useful to readers from
mathematical programming, industrial engineering, and operations
management.
It is increasingly recognized that the economic value of forests is
not merely the production of timber. Forests provide other key
ecosystem services, such as being sinks for greenhouse gases,
hotspots of biodiversity, tourism and recreation. They are also
vitally important in preventing soil erosion and controlling water
supplies, as well as providing non-timber forest products and
supporting the livelihoods of many local people. This handbook
provides a detailed, comprehensive and broad coverage of forest
economics, including traditional forest economics of timber
production, economics of environmental role of forests, and recent
developments in forest economics. The chapters are grouped into six
parts: fundamental topics in forest resource economics; economics
of forest ecosystems; economics of forests, climate change, and
bioenergy; economics of risk, uncertainty, and natural
disturbances; economics of forest property rights and
certification; and emerging issues and developments. Written by
leading environmental, forest, and natural resource economists, the
book represents a definitive reference volume for students of
economics, environment, forestry and natural resource economics and
management.
It is increasingly recognized that the economic value of forests is
not merely the production of timber. Forests provide other key
ecosystem services, such as being sinks for greenhouse gases,
hotspots of biodiversity, tourism and recreation. They are also
vitally important in preventing soil erosion and controlling water
supplies, as well as providing non-timber forest products and
supporting the livelihoods of many local people. This handbook
provides a detailed, comprehensive and broad coverage of forest
economics, including traditional forest economics of timber
production, economics of environmental role of forests, and recent
developments in forest economics. The chapters are grouped into six
parts: fundamental topics in forest resource economics; economics
of forest ecosystems; economics of forests, climate change, and
bioenergy; economics of risk, uncertainty, and natural
disturbances; economics of forest property rights and
certification; and emerging issues and developments. Written by
leading environmental, forest, and natural resource economists, the
book represents a definitive reference volume for students of
economics, environment, forestry and natural resource economics and
management.
The current paradigm of forest economics is based on Faustmann
Formulation (FF) of land expectation value proposed by Martin
Faustmann. It was a great achievement by a forester to propose a
formulation that captures some fundamental economic features of
capital theory which. However, the followers of the FF approach
have trapped themselves into the past, and have not shown any
indication of economic acumen of the great Faustmann. This has
resulted in a common problem in the current paradigm of forest
economics, known as Faustmann Forest Resource Economics (FFRE), to
prescribe the application of a single (FF) approach to all
situations irrespective of the specific features of the situation.
The current state of forest economics is similar to that of
neoclassical economics, and is full of inefficiencies. In
neoclassical economics, inefficiencies are due to its "locked-in"
position in rational economic man, while in forest economics
inefficiencies are due to its "locked-in" position in the FF. The
focus of this volume is on the new paradigm of forest economics
termed as Post-Faustmann Forest Resource Economics (PFFRE). The
first chapter lays the foundation of the PFFRE, and presents the
key distinctions between the FFRE and the PFFRE. The volume
includes twelve other chapters that address issues related to
forest economics from perspectives different than the FFRE. Chapter
2 to 6 are focused on issues related to human behavior that is
different than the rational economic man, Chapter 7 and 8 on public
choice theory, Chapter 9 and 10 on systems approaches, and Chapter
11 to 13 on incremental approaches to incorporate new features in
the FFRE.
A new economic theory, rather than a new public policy based on
old theory, is needed to guide humanity toward sustainability.
Institutions are a critical dimension of sustainability and
sustainable forest management, and economic analysis of
institutional dimension requires an inclusionist rather than an
exclusionist approach. This book provides a systematic critique of
neoclassical economic approaches and their limitations with respect
to sustainability. Leading institutional economists discuss
theoretical perspectives about appropriate institutions for
sustainable forest management, markets for environmental services,
deforestation and specialization, and some country experiences
about Kyoto Protocol, international trade, biodiversity
conservation, and sustainable forest management in general. The
book includes the ideas from old as well as new institutional
economics and discusses the main features of Post-Newtonian
economics.
This book follows a companion book, Economics, Sustainability,
and Natural Resources: Economics of Sustainable Forest Management,
volume 1 of the series.
Forest resources are an ideal starting point for economic
analysis of sustainability. In this book, leading economists
discuss key aspects of sustainability and sustainable forest
management including complexity, ethical issues, consumer choice
theory, intergenerational equity, non-convexities, and multiple
equilibria. This systematic critique of neoclassical economic
approaches is followed by a companion work, Institutions,
Sustainability, and Natural Resources: Institutions for Sustainable
Forest Management, Volume 2 in the series.
This book is based on the lecture notes of the author delivered to
the students at the Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University,
India. It covers simplex, revised simplex, two-phase method,
duality, dual simplex, complementary slackness, transportation and
assignment problems with good number of examples, clear proofs,
MATLAB codes and homework problems. The book will be useful for
both students and practitioners.
Repertorization is an essential tool to reach a simillimum in the
treatment of chronic as well acute cases. The choice of repertory
depends upon the type of case. To have the correct knowledge of
each and every repertory and how it is to be used is the first step
for using a repertory. This book is an exhaustive work on the
subject of repertory and has been written in most comprehensible
language which has made it so popular amongst students and
practitioners alike. In the book all the repertories classical,
modern and regional are well explained with its history, its
philosophy, construction, advantages, utility of repertory, how to
use it etc. The book also explains the laws and philosophy of
homeopathy and methodology of case-taking and working out the case.
In addition, there is a separate section devoted to biographies of
stalwarts. It's a complete package for students and practitioners
on repertory and its usage.
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