This book provides a deep understanding of the relationship between machine learning and causal inference. It covers a broad range of topics, starting with the preliminary foundations of causal inference, which include basic definitions, illustrative examples, and assumptions. It then delves into the different types of classical causal inference methods, such as matching, weighting, tree-based models, and more. Additionally, the book explores how machine learning can be used for causal effect estimation based on representation learning and graph learning. The contribution of causal inference in creating trustworthy machine learning systems to accomplish diversity, non-discrimination and fairness, transparency and explainability, generalization and robustness, and more is also discussed. The book also provides practical applications of causal inference in various domains such as natural language processing, recommender systems, computer vision, time series forecasting, and continual learning. Each chapter of the book is written by leading researchers in their respective fields. Machine Learning for Causal Inference explores the challenges associated with the relationship between machine learning and causal inference, such as biased estimates of causal effects, untrustworthy models, and complicated applications in other artificial intelligence domains. However, it also presents potential solutions to these issues. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, teachers, practitioners, and students interested in these fields. It provides insights into how combining machine learning and causal inference can improve the system's capability to accomplish causal artificial intelligence based on data. The book showcases promising research directions and emphasizes the importance of understanding the causal relationship to construct different machine-learning models from data.

Silicon on Insulator is more than a technology, more than a job, and more than a venture in microelectronics; it is something different and refreshing in device physics. This book recalls the activity and enthu siasm of our SOl groups. Many contributing students have since then disappeared from the SOl horizon. Some of them believed that SOl was the great love of their scientific lives; others just considered SOl as a fantastic LEGO game for adults. We thank them all for kindly letting us imagine that we were guiding them. This book was very necessary to many people. SOl engineers will certainly be happy: indeed, if the performance of their SOl components is not always outstanding, they can now safely incriminate the relations given in the book rather than their process. Martine, Gunter, and Y. S. Chang can contemplate at last the amount of work they did with the figures. Our SOl accomplices already know how much we borrowed from their expertise and would find it indecent to have their detailed contri butions listed. Jean-Pierre and Dimitris incited the book, while sharing their experience in the reliability of floating bodies. Our families and friends now realize the SOl capability of dielectrically isolating us for about two years in a BOX. Our kids encouraged us to start writing. Our wives definitely gave us the courage to stop writing. They had a hard time fighting the symptoms of a rapidly developing SOl allergy."

This book is intended to provide graduate students and researchers in graph theory with an overview of the elementary methods of graph Ramsey theory. It is especially targeted towards graduate students in extremal graph theory, graph Ramsey theory, and related fields, as the included contents allow the text to be used in seminars. It is structured in thirteen chapters which are application-focused and largely independent, enabling readers to target specific topics and information to focus their study. The first chapter includes a true beginner's overview of elementary examples in graph Ramsey theory mainly using combinatorial methods. The following chapters progress through topics including the probabilistic methods, algebraic construction, regularity method, but that's not all. Many related interesting topics are also included in this book, such as the disproof for a conjecture of Borsuk on geometry, intersecting hypergraphs, Turan numbers and communication channels, etc.

This book examines the social welfare policies and programmes devised to address different societal issues and concerns across the South Asian countries. It focuses on the design and delivery of social welfare policies related to women, children, the elderly and groups living below poverty level. It brings a wide array of themes to the fore - empowerment of vulnerable populations, globalization and inclusive development, intervention in Northeast India, employment of elderly teachers in Sri Lanka, regulations in prisons, ageing South Asia and elderly care, social exclusion and urban poor, girl child education in India, child protection in Bangladesh and women panchayat leaders - to provide an evidence-based understanding of social policy formulation, implementation and monitoring in South Asia. Comprehensive and topical, this volume will be useful to scholars and researchers of political studies, sociology, development studies and public policy, and also to practitioners and those in the development sector, NGOs and think tanks.

This book examines the social welfare policies and programmes devised to address different societal issues and concerns across the South Asian countries. It focuses on the design and delivery of social welfare policies related to women, children, the elderly and groups living below poverty level. It brings a wide array of themes to the fore - empowerment of vulnerable populations, globalization and inclusive development, intervention in Northeast India, employment of elderly teachers in Sri Lanka, regulations in prisons, ageing South Asia and elderly care, social exclusion and urban poor, girl child education in India, child protection in Bangladesh and women panchayat leaders - to provide an evidence-based understanding of social policy formulation, implementation and monitoring in South Asia. Comprehensive and topical, this volume will be useful to scholars and researchers of political studies, sociology, development studies and public policy, and also to practitioners and those in the development sector, NGOs and think tanks.

"The prominence of the Bupleurum species cannot be overstated. Across China and Japan, it serves as a main or supplementary ingredient in over two thirds of traditional medications. For over 2000 years, it has been used to treat fevers, intestinal maladies, malaria, and countless other afflictions. Modern research indicates that it may possess anti-tumor qualities, and researchers continue to report its impact on a wide range of ailments, from hepatitis and epilepsy, to irregularity and menopause, as well as psychosis and schizophrenia. Bupleurum Species: Scientific Evaluation and Clinical Applications brings together the work of leading researchers from Asia and Europe who examine this remarkable genus of plants. Providing a comprehensive look at all aspects relevant to the species, this historic volume- q

This handbook addresses the issues and challenges of the delivery of social work education in the contemporary world. It provides an authoritative overview of the key debates, switching the lens away from a Western-centric focus to engage with a much broader audience in countries that are in the process of modernization and professionalization, alongside those where social work education is more developed. Chapters tackle major challenges with respect to curriculum, teaching, practice, and training in light of globalization, providing a thorough examination of the practice of social work in diverse contexts. This handbook presents a contribution to the process of knowledge exchange which is essential to global social work education. It brings together professional knowledge and lived experience, both universal and local, and aims to be an essential reference for social work educators, researchers, and students.

The book aims to explore South Asian third sector - the nonprofit organizations as provider of social services. The book defines social welfare and describe its relationship to social service programmes and individual well-being; understands the social policy development from the problem identification to policy implementation; describes the range of organization of social service agencies that are responsible for providing social welfare programmes; explores the various roles that professional and non- professional helpers provide in the delivery of social welfare and their influence in promoting change in policy development; and understands the umbrella concept of Child welfare, welfare of people with disability and elderly welfare in welfare policy.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th Chinese Conference on Image and Graphics Technologies and Applications, IGTA 2016, held in Beijing, China in July 2016. The 27 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions. They provide a forum for sharing progresses in the areas of image processing technology; image analysis and understanding; computer vision and pattern recognition; big data mining, computer graphics and VR; as well as image technology applications.

Silicon on Insulator is more than a technology, more than a job, and more than a venture in microelectronics; it is something different and refreshing in device physics. This book recalls the activity and enthu siasm of our SOl groups. Many contributing students have since then disappeared from the SOl horizon. Some of them believed that SOl was the great love of their scientific lives; others just considered SOl as a fantastic LEGO game for adults. We thank them all for kindly letting us imagine that we were guiding them. This book was very necessary to many people. SOl engineers will certainly be happy: indeed, if the performance of their SOl components is not always outstanding, they can now safely incriminate the relations given in the book rather than their process. Martine, Gunter, and Y. S. Chang can contemplate at last the amount of work they did with the figures. Our SOl accomplices already know how much we borrowed from their expertise and would find it indecent to have their detailed contri butions listed. Jean-Pierre and Dimitris incited the book, while sharing their experience in the reliability of floating bodies. Our families and friends now realize the SOl capability of dielectrically isolating us for about two years in a BOX. Our kids encouraged us to start writing. Our wives definitely gave us the courage to stop writing. They had a hard time fighting the symptoms of a rapidly developing SOl allergy.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th China National Conference on Computational Linguistics, CCL 2021, held in Hohhot, China, in August 2021.The 31 full presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 90 submissions. The conference papers covers the following topics such as Machine Translation and Multilingual Information Processing, Minority Language Information Processing, Social Computing and Sentiment Analysis, Text Generation and Summarization, Information Retrieval, Dialogue and Question Answering, Linguistics and Cognitive Science, Language Resource and Evaluation, Knowledge Graph and Information Extraction, and NLP Applications.

This book introduces the software defined system concept, architecture, and its enabling technologies such as software defined sensor networks (SDSN), software defined radio, cloud/fog radio access networks (C/F-RAN), software defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), software defined storage, virtualization and docker. The authors also discuss the resource allocation and task scheduling in software defined system, mainly focusing on sensing, communication, networking and computation. Related case studies on SDSN, C/F-RAN, SDN, NFV are included in this book, and the authors discuss how these technologies cooperate with each other to enable cross resource management and task scheduling in software defined system. Novel resource allocation and task scheduling algorithms are introduced and evaluated. This book targets researchers, computer scientists and engineers who are interested in the information system softwarization technologies, resource allocation and optimization algorithm design, performance evaluation and analysis, next-generation communication and networking technologies, edge computing, cloud computing and IoT. Advanced level students studying these topics will benefit from this book as well.

Signals and systems enjoy wide application in industry and daily life, and understanding basic concepts of the subject area is of importance to undergraduates majoring in engineering. With rigorous mathematical deduction, this introductory text book is helpful for students who study communications engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, and control engineering. Additionally, supplementary materials are provided for self-learners.

The world has entered a new era that humans have never experienced before. Scholars predict that different cultures will replace nations to compete with each other to find a better way of life for humans. The modern world with a powerless United Nations as a platform for countries to work out their difference at various levels in pretty much like the ancient Chinese super state of primary societies from 2200 BC to 476 BC when Taoist lifestyle was popular. If all human societies are divided into the genetically coded primary society and the man-made secondary society, Western civilization started with secondary societies while Chinese civilization started with primary societies. Taoist philosophy summarizes the lifestyle in the ancient primary society. Taoism emphasizes the value of naturalness and simplicity, which is well complimentary to the modern philosophy of materialism. This book contains 14 essays: The first one presents an outline and the remaining ones explore various aspects of Taoist philosophy in modern terms. The author has made every effort to accommodate both academic and general readers. There are four academic essays that all start with a summary, which allows general readers to know the main content if they decide to skip over the main part of the essay. The remaining essays provide a much lighter reading from the author's own experience to the lives his mother and grandmother had lived.

Mit der seit Juli 2011 gultigen EU-Spielzeugrichtlinie 2009/48/EG mussen sich Spielzeuge, die auf den europaischen Markt gebracht werden mochten, den weltweit strengsten Sicherheitsvorgaben unterziehen. Es ist absehbar, dass auch in Zukunft die Tendenz der stetigen Verscharfung der Spielzeugsicherheit in Europa zunehmen und nicht abnehmen wird. Obwohl diese Richtlinie lediglich an die EU-Mitgliedstaaten gerichtet ist, wirkt sie sich unweigerlich auf die chinesische Spielzeugindustrie aus, die allein im Jahr 2010, 86% der gesamten Importmenge von Spielzeug nach Europa produziert hat. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie liegt darin, dem Leser zu ermoglichen, das neue EU-Spielzeugsicherheitsrecht aus dem Blickwinkel der chinesischen Spielzeugunternehmen zu betrachten. Der Umfang und der Inhalt der Herstellerpflichten bilden den Hauptschwerpunkt dieser Studie. Die behordliche Markuberwachung, die im Umkehrschluss eine Reihe von Duldungs-, Unterstutzungs- und Auskunftspflichten fur chinesische Spielzeugunternehmen zur Folge hat, wird unter die Lupe genommen, um zu untersuchen, wo die Grenzen der Marktuberwachungskompetenz aus verwaltungsverfahrensrechtlicher Sicht liegen. Zuletzt bietet die Studie einen Einblick in die aktuelle Situation der chinesischen Produzenten in der globalisierten Spielzeugindustrie.

The prominence of the Bupleurum species cannot be overstated. Across China and Japan, it serves as a main or supplementary ingredient in over two thirds of traditional medications. For over 2000 years, it has been used to treat fevers, intestinal maladies, malaria, and countless other afflictions. Modern research indicates that it may possess anti-tumor qualities, and researchers continue to report its impact on a wide range of ailments, from hepatitis and epilepsy, to irregularity and menopause, as well as psychosis and schizophrenia. Bupleurum Species: Scientific Evaluation and Clinical Applications brings together the work of leading researchers from Asia and Europe who examine this remarkable genus of plants. Providing a comprehensive look at all aspects relevant to the species, this historic volume- qExamines the botany of the species, including detailed descriptions of the plant parts used in medicine qDiscusses cultivation worldwide, looking at how environmental factors influence plant content qDetails its chemistry and biology, covering plants in Asia, as well as Spain and Italy qExplores what is currently understood about its pharmacology qLooks at its effectiveness in clinical applications, including a summary of recent findings on its use as a treatment for septic shock qProvides the most complete compendium available on patents containing Bupleurum, listing over 500, and detailing each one's application and inventor Edited by the renowned Sheng-Li Pan, who has discovered six new species of Bupleurum, this important work should be considered required reading for those who wish to explore the properties of this remarkable natural product, along with its proven and potentialapplications. It has also been effectively organized as a reference for those involved with the application and research of natural products, as well as botanists and those employed with drug discovery and development.