Although the Chinese economy is growing at a very high rate, there are massive social dislocations arising as a result of economic restructuring. Though the scale of the problem is huge, very few studies have examined the changes in income inequality in the late 1990s due to a lack of data on household incomes. Based on extensive original research, this book redresses this imbalance, examining the issue of unemployment and the problems it has brought for the people of China. Investigating the market outcomes in post-reform urban China, the book focuses on the relationships between unemployment, inequality, and poverty. In addition, the authors provide an analysis on the emerging urban labour market and its stratified structure, job mobility, profit sharing, and the role of social capital. Empirical analysis is supported by rich data from nationally representative urban household and rural migrant surveys, providing the latest picture of the widening inequality in Chinese urban society.

Although the Chinese economy is growing at a very high rate, there are massive social dislocations arising as a result of economic restructuring. Though the scale of the problem is huge, very few studies have examined the changes in income inequality in the late 1990s due to a lack of data on household incomes. Based on extensive original research, this book redresses this imbalance, examining the issue of unemployment and the problems it has brought for the people of China. Investigating the market outcomes in post-reform urban China, the book focuses on the relationships between unemployment, inequality, and poverty. In addition, the authors provide an analysis on the emerging urban labour market and its stratified structure, job mobility, profit sharing, and the role of social capital. Empirical analysis is supported by rich data from nationally representative urban household and rural migrant surveys, providing the latest picture of the widening inequality in Chinese urban society.

This book considers the positive and negative impacts of the minimum wage policy in China. Since China enacted its first minimum wage law in 1994, the magnitude and frequency of changes in the minimum wage have been substantial, both over time and across jurisdictions. The results from China's experience show that rapidly increasing minimum wages have helped increase average wages and reduce the gender wage gap, income inequality, and poverty. However, the fast-rising minimum wage has also resulted in the loss of employment for young adults, women, low-skilled workers, and migrant workers. Additionally, higher minimum wages have a negative impact on firm profitability and adverse effects on firm's human capital investment. In summary, the Chinese minimum wage policy has shown both positive and negative impacts on the affected workers. Through unpacking these findings, the book highlights the importance of rigorous research to inform evidence-based policymaking and provides lessons for other transitional and developing economies.

This book brings together three recent talks given by John Dunn in China: two full lectures, and one shorter talk followed by the transcription of an extended Q&A session with some eminent Chinese political philosophers and historians of political thought. These three chapters are followed by an intellectual-biographical interview with Dunn. Each of the chapters bears some relevance to Chinese political thought or at least pursues a general 'East meets West' theme. The chapters can be read in any order, although they present some common themes.

With the rapid development of Web-based learning and new concepts like virtual cla- rooms, virtual laboratories and virtual universities, many issues need to be addressed. On the technical side, there is a need for effective technology for deployment of W- based education.On the learning side, the cyber mode of learning is very different from classroom-based learning. How can instructional developmentcope with this new style of learning? On the management side, the establishment of the cyber university - poses very different requirements for the set-up. Does industry-university partnership provide a solution to addressing the technological and management issues? Why do we need to standardize e-learning and what can we do already? As with many other new developments, more research is needed to establish the concepts and best practice for Web-based learning. ICWL 2004, the 3rd International Conference on Web-Based Learning, was held at the Tsinghua University (Beijing, China) from August 8th to 11th, 2004, as a continued attempt to address many of the above-mentioned issues. Following the great successes of ICWL 2002 (Hong Kong) and ICWL 2003 (Australia), ICWL 2004 aimed at p- senting new progress in the technical, pedagogical, as well as management issues of Web-based learning. The conference featured a comprehensive program, including a tutorial session, a keynote talk, a main track for regular paper presentations, and an - dustrial track. We received 120 papers and accepted only 58 of them in the main track for both oral and poster presentations.

This book brings together three recent talks given by John Dunn in China: two full lectures, and one shorter talk followed by the transcription of an extended Q&A session with some eminent Chinese political philosophers and historians of political thought. These three chapters are followed by an intellectual-biographical interview with Dunn. Each of the chapters bears some relevance to Chinese political thought or at least pursues a general 'East meets West' theme. The chapters can be read in any order, although they present some common themes.

Selective Laser Sintering Additive Manufacturing Technology is a unique and comprehensive guide to this emerging technology. It covers in detail the equipment, software algorithms and control systems, material preparations and process technology, precision control, simulation analysis, and provides examples of applications of selective laser sintering (SLS). SLS technology is one of the most promising advances in 3D printing due to the high complexity of parts it can form, short manufacturing cycle, low cost, and wide range of materials it is compatible with. Typical examples of SLS technology include SLS manufacturing casting molds, sand molds (core), injection molds with conformal cooling channels, and rapid prototyping of ceramic and plastic functional parts. It is already widely used in aviation, aerospace, medical treatment, machinery, and numerous other industries. Drawing on world-leading research, the authors provide state of the art descriptions of the technologies, tools, and techniques which are helping academics and engineers use SLS ever more effectively and widely.

This timely book provides broad coverage of security and privacy issues in the macro and micro perspective. In macroperspective, the system and algorithm fundamentals of next-generation wireless networks are discussed. In micro-perspective, this book focuses on the key secure and privacy techniques in different emerging networks from the interconnection view of human and cyber-physical world. This book includes 7 chapters from prominent international researchers working in this subject area. This book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners seeking solutions to wireless security and privacy related issues Recent advances in wireless communication technologies have enabled the large-scale deployment of next-generation wireless networks, and many other wireless applications are emerging. The next generation of mobile networks continues to transform the way people communicate and access information. As a matter of fact, next-generation emerging networks are exploiting their numerous applications in both military and civil fields. For most applications, it is important to guarantee high security of the deployed network in order to defend against attacks from adversaries, as well as the privacy intrusion. The key target in the development of next-generation wireless networks is to promote the integration of the human, cyber, and physical worlds. Previous work in Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) considered the connection between the cyber world and the physical world. In the recent studies, human involvement brings new channels and initiatives in this interconnection. In this integration process, security and privacy are critical issues to many wireless network applications, and it is a paramount concern for the growth of next-generation wireless networks. This is due to the open nature of wireless communication and the involvement of humans. New opportunities for tackling these security and privacy issues in next-generation wireless networks will be achieved by leveraging the properties of interaction among human, computers and things.

Over the past quarter-century China has seen a dramatic increase in income inequality, prompting a shift in China's development strategy and the adoption of an array of new policies to redistribute income, promote shared growth, and establish a social safety net. Drawing on of household-level data from the China Household Income Project, Changing Trends in China's Inequality provides an independent, comprehensive, and empirically grounded study of the evolution of incomes and inequality in China over time. Edited by leading experts on the Chinese economy, the volume analyzes this evolution in China as a whole as well as in the urban and rural sectors, with close attention to measurement issues and to shifts in the economy, institutions, and public policy. Specific essays provides analyses of China's wealth inequality, the emergence of a new middle class, the income gap between the Han majority and the ethnic minorities, the gender wage gap, and the impacts of government policies such as social welfare programs and the minimum wage.

This book considers the positive and negative impacts of the minimum wage policy in China. Since China enacted its first minimum wage law in 1994, the magnitude and frequency of changes in the minimum wage have been substantial, both over time and across jurisdictions. The results from China's experience show that rapidly increasing minimum wages have helped increase average wages and reduce the gender wage gap, income inequality, and poverty. However, the fast-rising minimum wage has also resulted in the loss of employment for young adults, women, low-skilled workers, and migrant workers. Additionally, higher minimum wages have a negative impact on firm profitability and adverse effects on firm's human capital investment. In summary, the Chinese minimum wage policy has shown both positive and negative impacts on the affected workers. Through unpacking these findings, the book highlights the importance of rigorous research to inform evidence-based policymaking and provides lessons for other transitional and developing economies.

This book, a sequel to Inequality and Public Policy in China (2008), examines the evolution of inequality in China from 2002 to 2007, a period when the new 'harmonious society' development strategy was adopted under Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao. It fills a gap in knowledge about the outcomes of this development strategy for equity and inequality. Drawing on original information collected from the recent two waves of nationwide household surveys conducted by the China Household Income Project, this book provides a detailed overview of recent trends in income inequality and cutting-edge analysis of key factors underlying such trends. Topics covered include inequality in education, changes in homeownership and the distribution of housing wealth, the evolution of the migrant labor market, disparities between public and non-public sectors, patterns of work and non-work, gender, ethnicity, and the impacts of public policies such as reforms in taxation and social welfare programs.

As the Chinese economy has moved to a 'New Normal' of slower growth and changed model of development, its income distribution is being affected in a number of ways. What exactly are the impacts brought by the new changes? How should we view China's income distribution on the whole? What trend will we see in the future? With regard to these and other questions that arise against the backdrop of the economic 'New Normal', the book provides an in-depth analysis of the new issues, characteristics and trends in relation to income growth rates, income and wealth gaps, and the proportion of personal income in China.

This book, a sequel to Inequality and Public Policy in China (2008), examines the evolution of inequality in China from 2002 to 2007, a period when the new 'harmonious society' development strategy was adopted under Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao. It fills a gap in knowledge about the outcomes of this development strategy for equity and inequality. Drawing on original information collected from the recent two waves of nationwide household surveys conducted by the China Household Income Project, this book provides a detailed overview of recent trends in income inequality and cutting-edge analysis of key factors underlying such trends. Topics covered include inequality in education, changes in homeownership and the distribution of housing wealth, the evolution of the migrant labor market, disparities between public and non-public sectors, patterns of work and non-work, gender, ethnicity, and the impacts of public policies such as reforms in taxation and social welfare programs.