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This book shows how the predominantly national focus that
characterises studies of the United States after 1783 can be
integrated with global trends, as viewed from the perspective of
imperial history. The book also argues that historians of European
empires have much to gain by considering the United States after
1783 as a newly-decolonised country that acquired overseas
territorial possessions in 1898 and remained a member of the
Western 'imperial club' until the mid-twentieth century. The
wide-ranging synthesis by A. G. Hopkins, American Empire: A Global
History (2018), provides the starting point for contributions that
appraise its main theme and take it in new directions. The first
three chapters identify fresh approaches to U.S. history between
the Revolution and the Civil War, suggesting ways in which the
United States can be considered as a newly-decolonised country,
examining shifting meanings of the term 'empire,' and reassessing
the character of continental expansion. The second group deals with
initiatives and responses in the Philippines and Cuba,
reconsidering the character of nationalism in two of the most
important overseas territories that were either ruled directly or
controlled indirectly by the United States, and placing it an
international context. The third group examines the exercise of
U.S. power in the twentieth century, identifying aspects of
international law that have been overlooked and reviewing the
extensive literature on the controversial themes of the Cold War
and informal empire after 1945. The ten chapters in this edited
volume bring together noted specialists on the history of
international relations, the United States, and the insular empire
it ruled in the twentieth century. The chapters were originally
published as articles in a special issue of The Journal of Imperial
and Commonwealth History.
This book reconsiders the nature and formation of Asia's economic
order during the 1930s and 1950s in light of the new
historiographical developments in Britain and Japan. Recently
several Japanese economic historians have offered a new perspective
on Asian history, arguing that economic growth was fuelled by the
phenomenon of intra-Asian trade which began to grow rapidly around
the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. On the other side, British
imperial historians, P.J. Cain and A.G. Hopkins, have presented
their own interpretation of 'gentlemanly capitalism', in which they
emphasize the leading role of the service sector rather than that
of British industry in assessing the nature of the British presence
overseas. In order to assess and test these new perspectives, this
volume addresses three key issues. The first is to reconsider the
metropolitan-peripheral relationship in Asia, focusing particularly
on the role of the sterling area and its implications for Asian
economic development. The second is to examine the formation of
inter-regional trade relations within Asia in the 1930s and their
revival and transformation in the 1950s. The final issue is the
comparison of the international order of Asia of the 1930s with the
1950s, and the degree to which the Second World War represented a
break-point in Asia's economic development. Dealing with issues of
trade, economy, nationalism and imperialism, this book provides
fresh insights into the development of Asia during the
mid-twentieth century. Drawing on the latest scholarship it will
prove invaluable to all who wish to better understand the position
of countries such as Japan, China, India, Singapore, Malaysia and
Korea within the wider international order.
This book reconsiders the nature and formation of Asia's economic
order during the 1930s and 1950s in light of the new
historiographical developments in Britain and Japan. Recently
several Japanese economic historians have offered a new perspective
on Asian history, arguing that economic growth was fuelled by the
phenomenon of intra-Asian trade which began to grow rapidly around
the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. On the other side, British
imperial historians, P.J. Cain and A.G. Hopkins, have presented
their own interpretation of 'gentlemanly capitalism', in which they
emphasize the leading role of the service sector rather than that
of British industry in assessing the nature of the British presence
overseas. In order to assess and test these new perspectives, this
volume addresses three key issues. The first is to reconsider the
metropolitan-peripheral relationship in Asia, focusing particularly
on the role of the sterling area and its implications for Asian
economic development. The second is to examine the formation of
inter-regional trade relations within Asia in the 1930s and their
revival and transformation in the 1950s. The final issue is the
comparison of the international order of Asia of the 1930s with the
1950s, and the degree to which the Second World War represented a
break-point in Asia's economic development. Dealing with issues of
trade, economy, nationalism and imperialism, this book provides
fresh insights into the development of Asia during the
mid-twentieth century. Drawing on the latest scholarship it will
prove invaluable to all who wish to better understand the position
of countries such as Japan, China, India, Singapore, Malaysia and
Korea within the wider international order.
In Asia the 1950s were dominated by political decolonization and
the emergence of the Cold War system, and newly independent
countries were able to utilize the transformed balance of power for
their own economic development through economic and strategic aid
programmes. This book examines the interconnections between the
transfer of power and state governance in Asia, the emergence of
the Cold War, and the transfer of hegemony from the UK to the US,
by focusing specifically on the historical roles of international
economic aid and the autonomous response from Asian nation states
in the immediate post-war context. The Transformation of the
International Order of Asia offers closely interwoven perspectives
on international economic and political relations from the 1950s to
the 1960s, with specific focus on the Colombo Plan and related aid
policies of the time. It shows how the plan served different
purposes: Britain's aim to reduce India's wartime sterling balances
in London; the quest for India's economic independence under
Jawaharlal Nehru; Japan's regional economic assertion and its
endeavour to improve its international status; Britain's publicity
policy during the reorganization of British aid policies at a time
of economic crisis; and more broadly, the West's desire to counter
Soviet influence in Asia. In doing so, the chapters explore how
international economic aid relations became reorganized in relation
to the independent development of states in Asia during the period,
and crucially, the role this transformation played in the emergence
of a new international order in Asia. Drawing on a wide range of
international contemporary and archival source materials, this book
will be welcomed by students and scholars interested in Asian,
international, and economic history, politics and development
studies.
In Asia the 1950s were dominated by political decolonization and
the emergence of the Cold War system, and newly independent
countries were able to utilize the transformed balance of power for
their own economic development through economic and strategic aid
programmes. This book examines the interconnections between the
transfer of power and state governance in Asia, the emergence of
the Cold War, and the transfer of hegemony from the UK to the US,
by focusing specifically on the historical roles of international
economic aid and the autonomous response from Asian nation states
in the immediate post-war context. The Transformation of the
International Order of Asia offers closely interwoven perspectives
on international economic and political relations from the 1950s to
the 1960s, with specific focus on the Colombo Plan and related aid
policies of the time. It shows how the plan served different
purposes: Britain's aim to reduce India's wartime sterling balances
in London; the quest for India's economic independence under
Jawaharlal Nehru; Japan's regional economic assertion and its
endeavour to improve its international status; Britain's publicity
policy during the reorganization of British aid policies at a time
of economic crisis; and more broadly, the West's desire to counter
Soviet influence in Asia. In doing so, the chapters explore how
international economic aid relations became reorganized in relation
to the independent development of states in Asia during the period,
and crucially, the role this transformation played in the emergence
of a new international order in Asia. Drawing on a wide range of
international contemporary and archival source materials, this book
will be welcomed by students and scholars interested in Asian,
international, and economic history, politics and development
studies.
This book attempts to reveal historical dynamism of transforming
contemporary Maritime Asia and to identify key driving forces or
agencies for the evolution and transformation of Maritime Asia in
the context of global history studies. It seeks to accomplish these
goals by connecting different experiences in Maritime Asia both
historically from the late early-modern to the present and
spatially covering both East and Southeast Asia. Focusing on
interactions on and through oceans, seas, and islands, Maritime
Asia can deal with any aspects of human society and the nature,
including diplomacy, maritime trade, cultural exchange, identity
and others. Its interest in supra-regional interactions and
networks, migration and diaspora, combined with its microscopic
concern with local and trans-border affairs, will surely contribute
to the common task of contemporary social sciences and humanities,
to relativize the conventional framework based on the nation-state.
In this regard, research in Maritime Asia claims to be an integral
part of global studies. Part I deals with long-distance trade and
diplomatic relations during the late early modern era and its
transition to the modern era, mainly in the nineteenth century.
Part II focuses on the emergence of transregional and trans-oceanic
Asian networks and the original institution-building efforts in the
Asia-Pacific region in the twentieth century.
This book attempts to reveal historical dynamism of transforming
contemporary Maritime Asia and to identify key driving forces or
agencies for the evolution and transformation of Maritime Asia in
the context of global history studies. It seeks to accomplish these
goals by connecting different experiences in Maritime Asia both
historically from the late early-modern to the present and
spatially covering both East and Southeast Asia. Focusing on
interactions on and through oceans, seas, and islands, Maritime
Asia can deal with any aspects of human society and the nature,
including diplomacy, maritime trade, cultural exchange, identity
and others. Its interest in supra-regional interactions and
networks, migration and diaspora, combined with its microscopic
concern with local and trans-border affairs, will surely contribute
to the common task of contemporary social sciences and humanities,
to relativize the conventional framework based on the nation-state.
In this regard, research in Maritime Asia claims to be an integral
part of global studies. Part I deals with long-distance trade and
diplomatic relations during the late early modern era and its
transition to the modern era, mainly in the nineteenth century.
Part II focuses on the emergence of transregional and trans-oceanic
Asian networks and the original institution-building efforts in the
Asia-Pacific region in the twentieth century.
The 1970s are widely seen as a turning point for the world economy
and a transformative decade for the international order. This
volume explores the role played by the oil crises in this
transformation, focusing particularly on their impact in previously
little-studied regions such as Asia and Africa. Examining the
intersection between the oil crises and the Third World project,
their impact on Asian economic development and the contrasting
responses of two African countries, this collection covers new
ground on the global and regional effects of the crises, and ties
them into the key transformations of the international economy and
the Cold War order. Arguing that they were instrumental in
reshaping the Asian economies, helping to instigate the boom known
as the ‘East Asian Miracle’, it also demonstrates how the
individual responses of countries reflected their own specific
circumstances. With chapters from leading scholars such as David
Painter and Dane Kennedy, this book shows how the origins, course
and consequences of the oil crises of the 1970s are crucial to
understanding the transformation of the international order in the
late twentieth century.
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