The aim of this book is to familiarize the reader with fundamental topics in number theory: theory of divisibility, arithmetrical functions, prime numbers, geometry of numbers, additive number theory, probabilistic number theory, theory of Diophantine approximations and algebraic number theory. The author tries to show the connection between number theory and other branches of mathematics with the resultant tools adopted in the book ranging from algebra to probability theory, but without exceeding the undergraduate students who wish to be acquainted with number theory, graduate students intending to specialize in this field and researchers requiring the present state of knowledge.

This volume aims to bridge between elementary textbooks on calculus and established books on advanced analysis. It provides elucidation of the reversible process of differentiation and integration through two featured principles: the chain rule and its inverse - the change of variable - as well as the Leibniz rule and its inverse - the integration by parts. The chain rule or differentiation of composite functions is ubiquitous since almost all (a.a.) functions are composite functions of (elementary) functions and with the change of variable method as its reverse process. The Leibniz rule or differentiation of the product of two functions is essential since it makes differentiation nonlinear and with the method of integration by parts as its reverse process.Readers will find numerous worked-out examples and exercises in this volume. Detailed solutions are provided for most of the common exercises so that readers remain enthusiastically motivated in solving and understanding the concepts better.The intention of this volume is to lead the reader into the rich fields of advanced analysis and to obtain a much better view of useful mathematics.

The aim of the book is to give a smooth analytic continuation from basic subjects including linear algebra, group theory, Hilbert space theory, etc. to number theory. With plenty of practical examples and worked-out exercises, and the scope ranging from these basic subjects made applicable to number-theoretic settings to advanced number theory, this book can then be read without tears. It will be of immense help to the reader to acquire basic sound skills in number theory and its applications.Number theory used to be described as the queen of mathematics, that is, there is no practical use. However, with the development of computers and the security of internet communications, the importance of number theory has been exponentially increasing daily. The raison d'etre of the present book in this situation is that it is extremely reader-friendly while keeping the rigor of serious mathematics and in-depth analysis of practical applications to various subjects including control theory and pseudo-random number generation. The use of operators is prevailing rather abundantly in anticipation of applications to electrical engineering, allowing the reader to master these skills without much difficulty. It also delivers a very smooth bridging between elementary subjects including linear algebra and group theory (and algebraic number theory) for the reader to be well-versed in an efficient and effortless way. One of the main features of the book is that it gives several different approaches to the same topic, helping the reader to gain deeper insight and comprehension. Even just browsing through the materials would be beneficial to the reader.

The aim of the book is to give a smooth analytic continuation from calculus to complex analysis by way of plenty of practical examples and worked-out exercises. The scope ranges from applications in calculus to complex analysis in two different levels.If the reader is in a hurry, he can browse the quickest introduction to complex analysis at the beginning of Chapter 1, which explains the very basics of the theory in an extremely user-friendly way. Those who want to do self-study on complex analysis can concentrate on Chapter 1 in which the two mainstreams of the theory - the power series method due to Weierstrass and the integration method due to Cauchy - are presented in a very concrete way with rich examples. Readers who want to learn more about applied calculus can refer to Chapter 2, where numerous practical applications are provided. They will master the art of problem solving by following the step by step guidance given in the worked-out examples.This book helps the reader to acquire fundamental skills of understanding complex analysis and its applications. It also gives a smooth introduction to Fourier analysis as well as a quick prelude to thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, information theory, and control theory. One of the main features of the book is that it presents different approaches to the same topic that aids the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the subject.

The aim of the book is to give a smooth analytic continuation from calculus to complex analysis by way of plenty of practical examples and worked-out exercises. The scope ranges from applications in calculus to complex analysis in two different levels.If the reader is in a hurry, he can browse the quickest introduction to complex analysis at the beginning of Chapter 1, which explains the very basics of the theory in an extremely user-friendly way. Those who want to do self-study on complex analysis can concentrate on Chapter 1 in which the two mainstreams of the theory - the power series method due to Weierstrass and the integration method due to Cauchy - are presented in a very concrete way with rich examples. Readers who want to learn more about applied calculus can refer to Chapter 2, where numerous practical applications are provided. They will master the art of problem solving by following the step by step guidance given in the worked-out examples.This book helps the reader to acquire fundamental skills of understanding complex analysis and its applications. It also gives a smooth introduction to Fourier analysis as well as a quick prelude to thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, information theory, and control theory. One of the main features of the book is that it presents different approaches to the same topic that aids the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the subject.

Based on the successful 7th China-Japan seminar on number theory conducted in Kyushu University, this volume is a compilation of survey and semi-survey type of papers by the participants of the seminar. The topics covered range from traditional analytic number theory to elliptic curves and universality. This volume contains new developments in the field of number theory from recent years and it provides suitable problems for possible new research at a level which is not unattainable. Timely surveys will be beneficial to a new generation of researchers as a source of information and these provide a glimpse at the state-of-the-art affairs in the fields of their research interests.

This volume provides a systematic survey of almost all the equivalent assertions to the functional equations - zeta symmetry - which zeta-functions satisfy, thus streamlining previously published results on zeta-functions. The equivalent relations are given in the form of modular relations in Fox H-function series, which at present include all that have been considered as candidates for ingredients of a series. The results are presented in a clear and simple manner for readers to readily apply without much knowledge of zeta-functions.This volume aims to keep a record of the 150-year-old heritage starting from Riemann on zeta-functions, which are ubiquitous in all mathematical sciences, wherever there is a notion of the norm. It provides almost all possible equivalent relations to the zeta-functions without requiring a reader's deep knowledge on their definitions. This can be an ideal reference book for those studying zeta-functions.

This volume is based on the successful 6th China-Japan Seminar on number theory that was held in Shanghai Jiao Tong University in August 2011. It is a compilation of survey papers as well as original works by distinguished researchers in their respective fields. The topics range from traditional analytic number theory - additive problems, divisor problems, Diophantine equations - to elliptic curves and automorphic L-functions. It contains new developments in number theory and the topics complement the existing two volumes from the previous seminars which can be found in the same book series.

This book emphasizes the role of symmetry and presents as many viewpoints as possible of an important phenomenon - the functional equation of the associated zeta-function. It starts from the basics before warping into the space of new interest; from the ground state to the excited state. For example, the celebrated Gauss quadratic reciprocity law is proved in four independent ways, which are in some way or other dependent on the functional equation. The proofs rest on finite fields, representation theory of nilpotent groups, reciprocity law for the Dedekind sums, and the translation formula for the theta-series, respectively. Likewise, for example, the Euler function is treated in several different places.One of the important principles of learning is to work with the material many times. This book presents many worked-out examples and exercises to enhance the reader's comprehension on the topics covered in an in-depth manner. This is done in a different setting each time such that the reader will always be challenged. For the keen reader, even browsing the text alone, without solving the exercises, will yield some knowledge and enjoyment.

This volume aims at collecting survey papers which give broad and enlightening perspectives of various aspects of number theory.Kitaoka's paper is a continuation of his earlier paper published in the last proceedings and pushes the research forward. Browning's paper introduces a new direction of research on analytic number theory - quantitative theory of some surfaces and Bruedern et al's paper details state-of-the-art affairs of additive number theory. There are two papers on modular forms - Kohnen's paper describes generalized modular forms (GMF) which has some applications in conformal field theory, while Liu's paper is very useful for readers who want to have a quick introduction to Maass forms and some analytic-number-theoretic problems related to them. Matsumoto et al's paper gives a very thorough survey on functional relations of root system zeta-functions, Hoshi-Miyake's paper is a continuation of Miyake's long and fruitful research on generic polynomials and gives rise to related Diophantine problems, and Jia's paper surveys some dynamical aspects of a special arithmetic function connected with the distribution of prime numbers. There are two papers of collections of problems by Shparlinski on exponential and character sums and Schinzel on polynomials which will serve as an aid for finding suitable research problems. Yamamura's paper is a complete bibliography on determinant expressions for a certain class number and will be useful to researchers.Thus the book gives a good-balance of classical and modern aspects in number theory and will be useful to researchers including enthusiastic graduate students.

This book (Vista II), is a sequel to Vistas of Special Functions (World Scientific, 2007), in which the authors made a unification of several formulas scattered around the relevant literature under the guiding principle of viewing them as manifestations of the functional equations of associated zeta-functions. In Vista II, which maintains the spirit of the theory of special functions through zeta-functions, the authors base their theory on a theorem which gives some arithmetical Fourier series as intermediate modular relations - avatars of the functional equations. Vista II gives an organic and elucidating presentation of the situations where special functions can be effectively used. Vista II will provide the reader ample opportunity to find suitable formulas and the means to apply them to practical problems for actual research. It can even be used during tutorials for paper writing.

The aim of this book is to familiarize the reader with fundamental topics in number theory: theory of divisibility, arithmetrical functions, prime numbers, geometry of numbers, additive number theory, probabilistic number theory, theory of Diophantine approximations and algebraic number theory. The author tries to show the connection between number theory and other branches of mathematics with the resultant tools adopted in the book ranging from algebra to probability theory, but without exceeding the undergraduate students who wish to be acquainted with number theory, graduate students intending to specialize in this field and researchers requiring the present state of knowledge.

The contents of this volume range from expository papers on several aspects of number theory, intended for general readers (Steinhaus property of planar regions; experiments with computers; Diophantine approximation; number field sieve), to a collection of research papers for specialists, which are at prestigious journal level. Thus, Number Theory and Its Applications leads the reader in many ways not only to the state of the art of number theory but also to its rich garden.

This volume contains papers by invited speakers of the symposium "Zeta Functions, Topology and Quantum Physics" held at Kinki U- versity in Osaka, Japan, during the period of March 3-6, 2003. The aims of this symposium were to establish mutual understanding and to exchange ideas among researchers working in various fields which have relation to zeta functions and zeta values. We are very happy to add this volume to the series Developments in Mathematics from Springer. In this respect, Professor Krishnaswami Alladi helped us a lot by showing his keen and enthusiastic interest in publishing this volume and by contributing his paper with Alexander Berkovich. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from Kinki University. We would like to thank Professor Megumu Munakata, Vice-Rector of Kinki University, and Professor Nobuki Kawashima, Director of School of Interdisciplinary Studies of Science and Engineering, Kinki Univ- sity, for their interest and support. We also thank John Martindale of Springer for his excellent editorial work.

This volume contains the proceedings of the very successful second China-Japan Seminar held in lizuka, Fukuoka, Japan, during March 12-16, 2001 under the support of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC), and some invited papers of eminent number-theorists who visited Japan during 1999-2001 at the occasion of the Conference at the Research Institute of Mathematical Sciences (RIMS), Kyoto University. The proceedings of the 1st China-Japan Seminar held in September 1999 in Beijing has been published recently {2002) by Kluwer as DEVM 6 which also contains some invited papers. The topics of that volume are, however, restricted to analytic number theory and many papers in this field are assembled. In this volume, we return to the lines of the previous one "Number Theory and its Applications," published as DEVM 2 by Kluwer in 1999 and uphold the spirit of presenting various topics in number theory and related areas with possible applica tions, in a unified manner, and this time in nearly a book form with a well-prepared index. We accomplish this task by collecting highly informative and readable survey papers (including half-survey type papers), giving overlooking surveys of the hith erto obtained results in up-to-the-hour form with insight into the new developments, which are then analytically continued to a collection of high standard research papers which are concerned with rather diversed areas and will give good insight into new researches in the new century."

This volume contains papers by invited speakers of the symposium "Zeta Functions, Topology and Quantum Physics" held at Kinki U- versity in Osaka, Japan, during the period of March 3-6, 2003. The aims of this symposium were to establish mutual understanding and to exchange ideas among researchers working in various fields which have relation to zeta functions and zeta values. We are very happy to add this volume to the series Developments in Mathematics from Springer. In this respect, Professor Krishnaswami Alladi helped us a lot by showing his keen and enthusiastic interest in publishing this volume and by contributing his paper with Alexander Berkovich. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from Kinki University. We would like to thank Professor Megumu Munakata, Vice-Rector of Kinki University, and Professor Nobuki Kawashima, Director of School of Interdisciplinary Studies of Science and Engineering, Kinki Univ- sity, for their interest and support. We also thank John Martindale of Springer for his excellent editorial work.

This volume contains the proceedings of the very successful second China-Japan Seminar held in lizuka, Fukuoka, Japan, during March 12-16, 2001 under the support of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC), and some invited papers of eminent number-theorists who visited Japan during 1999-2001 at the occasion of the Conference at the Research Institute of Mathematical Sciences (RIMS), Kyoto University. The proceedings of the 1st China-Japan Seminar held in September 1999 in Beijing has been published recently {2002) by Kluwer as DEVM 6 which also contains some invited papers. The topics of that volume are, however, restricted to analytic number theory and many papers in this field are assembled. In this volume, we return to the lines of the previous one "Number Theory and its Applications," published as DEVM 2 by Kluwer in 1999 and uphold the spirit of presenting various topics in number theory and related areas with possible applica tions, in a unified manner, and this time in nearly a book form with a well-prepared index. We accomplish this task by collecting highly informative and readable survey papers (including half-survey type papers), giving overlooking surveys of the hith erto obtained results in up-to-the-hour form with insight into the new developments, which are then analytically continued to a collection of high standard research papers which are concerned with rather diversed areas and will give good insight into new researches in the new century."

The contents of this volume range from expository papers on several aspects of number theory, intended for general readers (Steinhaus property of planar regions; experiments with computers; Diophantine approximation; number field sieve), to a collection of research papers for specialists, which are at prestigious journal level. Thus, Number Theory and Its Applications leads the reader in many ways not only to the state of the art of number theory but also to its rich garden.

This book paves the way for a proper understanding of current and future issues on global warming, air pollution, depletion of natural resources, cyberattacks on smart grids, amongst others, by unifying various diverse disciplines of science to focus on a sustainable green society of the future.Readers will find applications of science described through the practical use of mobilities, in this case, the electric vehicles.The book could be used to teach and study on issues of global warming through the window of electric vehicles. The first three chapters can be used for teaching applications of mechanics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and fluid mechanics. Chapter 5 provides rudiments of control theory in anticipation of control theory through number theory and algebraic geometry. Chapters 6 and 7 contain aspects of climatology, global warming, and electric vehicles to green grid. This is the only such comprehensive introductory book in the market that provides the readers hints, suggestions and directions to ponder for a sustainable future through renewable sources.