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Criminal and terrorist organisations are increasingly turning to
white collar crime such as fraud, e-crime, bribery, data and
identity theft, in addition to more violent activities involving
kidnap and ransom, narcotics and arms trafficking, to fund their
activities and, in some cases pursue their cause. The choice of
victims is global and indiscriminate. The modus operandi is
continually mutating and increasing in sophistication; taking
advantage of weaknesses in the system whether they be
technological, legal or political. Countering these sources of
threat finance is a shared challenge for governments, the military,
NGOs, financial institutions and other businesses that may be
targeted. Shima Keene's Threat Finance offers new thinking to equip
any organisation regardless of sector and geographical location,
with the knowledge and tools to deploy effective counter measures
to tackle the threat. To that end, she brings together a wide
variety of perspectives - cultural, legal, economic and
technological - to explain the sources, mechanisms and key
intervention methodologies. The current environment continues to
favour the criminal and the terrorist. Threat Finance is an
essential read for fraud and security practitioners, financial
regulators, policy-makers, intelligence officials, judges and
barristers, law enforcement officers, and researchers in this
field. Dr Keene offers an antidote to the lack of good, applied,
research; shortcomings in in-house financial and forensic
expertise; misdirected financial compliance schemes; legal and
judicial idiosyncrasies; unhelpful organisation structures and poor
communication. She argues convincingly for a coherent, aggressive,
informed and cross-disciplinary approach to an ever changing and
rapidly growing threat.
The relationship between corruption and stability is complex. What
is clear is that corruption increases the level of instability and
the risk of conflict by undermining the legitimacy and credibility
of state institutions. For peacekeeping and state-building
interventions to be effective, careful consideration must be given
as to the reason the problem occurs, and to its broader impact, as
well as ways to manage it. In this Letort Paper, British academic
and practitioner Dr. Shima Keene provides a comprehensive
assessment of the relationship between corruption, legitimacy, and
stability in fragile states, and explores what must be done by the
U.S. Army to counter these issues that directly impact its
operational effectiveness.
The use of drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles, has increased
exponentially in the last 10 years, and this trend is likely to
continue for the foreseeable future. But with this increased use
has come increased controversy, in particular closer scrutiny of
the legal and ethical dimensions of the use of armed drones. In
this monograph, British academic and practitioner Dr. Shima Keene
provides a comprehensive assessment of the lethal use of drone
technologies, measured in terms of their legality, morality, and
overall effectiveness in the fight against terrorism and
counterinsurgency operations. Dr. Keene is a subject matter expert
in the field of asymmetric warfare and counterterrorism, and a
former Director of the Security Technology Short Course at the
Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, where she conducted research
into both technical and ethical aspects of the deployment of UAV
technologies. In her monograph, she explores the legal and ethical
bases...
The U.S. Army and the British Army are undergoing similar processes
of rebalancing between regular and reserve personnel. The British
armed forces are currently at a more advanced stage of this change
than the United States, and consequently there are useful lessons
to be drawn from their experience to date. This is particularly the
case in a time of growing defense austerity; in addition to their
smaller scale, the United Kingdom's (UK) armed forces have great
familiarity with undertaking missions and maintaining close to
full-spectrum capability while subject to severe and apparently
insurmountable resource constraints. Studying how this is made
possible may also provide valuable pointers for a U.S. defense
force in an era of sequestration and budget cuts.
It is a well established axiom that attempting to defeat an
insurgency or a terrorist organization headon is merely treating
the symptoms of a problem. For long-term success, the campaign must
also address the root causes of the insecurity that spawned
conflict in the first place. In this monograph, British academic
and practitioner Dr. Shima Keene describes a number of ways in
which financial intelligence can be leveraged not only to disrupt
adversary activities, but also to provide indicators and warnings
of future actions and, ultimately, to address underlying
insecurities. Dr. Keene was previously both a banker and a British
Army reservist. In this monograph, she uses her expertise as a
threat finance specialist to outline specific areas where financial
intelligence analysis techniques, which are common in the private
sector, can be applied to combating insurgency, terrorism, and
other hard security threats.
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