This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology, BioADIT 2006, held in Osaka, Japan, in January 2006.

The 30 full papers presented together with the abstracts of 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The contributions range from basic research in biology and in information technology, to more application-oriented developments in software and in hardware. The papers are organized in topical sections on robotics, networking, biological systems, self-organization, evolutionary computation, and modeling and imaging.