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Of the world's seven continents, Asia is the largest. Its physical
landscapes, political units, and ethnic groups are both
wide-ranging and many. Southwest, South and Middle Asia are highly
populated regions which, as a whole, cover an extremely large area
of varied geography. In total, this domain is unique in its plant
diversity and large vegetation zones with different communities and
biomes. It is rich in endemics, with specific and intraspecific
diversity of fruit trees and medicinal plants, including a number
of rare, high value, species. At the same time, much of the land in
the region is too dry or too rugged, with many geographical
extremes. Overgrazing, oil and mineral extraction, and poaching are
the major threats in the area. This two-volume project focuses on
the dynamic biodiversity of the region with in-depth analysis on
phytosociology, plants, animals and agroecology. There are also
chapters that explore new applications as well as approaches to
overcome problems associated with climate change. Much of the
research and analysis are presented here for the first time. We
believe this work is a valuable resource for professionals and
researchers working in the fields of plant diversity and
vegetation, animal diversity and animal populations, and
geo-diversity and sustainable land use, among others. The first
volume guides our readers to West Asia and the Caucasus region,
while volume two focuses on issues unique to South and Middle Asia.
Medicinal plants a gift of nature are being used against various
infections and diseases throughout the World. Plants biodiversity
provide food, wood, fruits, shade and oxygen for humane and fodder
for their livestock. Similarly, numbers of trees have also been
traditionally regarded as natural remedies for common ailments of
human population. Present study was conducted to analyze the
medicinal trees of lesser Himalayan region. Seventy-nine species of
medicinal trees were studied at different localities in the area.
Among them, 12 tree species are used each as astringent and
anti-dysenteric each while, 9 each are used as tonic and
anti-diarrheal. Moreover various number of these tree species are
used as laxative, anthelmintic, in gonorrhea, ulcer, asthma and
cough. Other species are used for kidney stone, rheumatism, Wound
healing, urticaria, as anodyne, febrifuge and in skin and various
other diseases. It is expected that raw material obtained from
plants will establish base for the manufacture of synthetic drugs.
Furthermore it was observed during study that 59 of these species
have multiple uses. Few of the species are under risk and need
quick conservation measures.
The Hindu Kush, some 800 km long mountain range forms the
geopolitical boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan. An
extensive survey was carried out during summer 2009 to document the
traditional knowledge about the medicinal use of plants by the
dwellers of one of the remote valley in Hindu Kush Mountains. The
study showed that local inhabitants not only use medicinal plants
for curing various diseases but also earn a substantial part of
their livelihood by selling some of them in the markets. One
hundred and fourteen of the medicinal plants were recognized to use
as diuretic, laxative, antiseptic, anthelmintic, carminative,
expectorant, astringent and purgative agents. Thirty species of
them are also collected for trade purposes. According to the
interviewed population, the availability of medicinal plants is
decreasing day by day due to increasing human population, extensive
grazing, increase in market demand and unwise collection.
Therefore, study recommended that governmental and non-governmental
organizations should play their possible role to aware the local
people about threats to the plants and their sustainable future.
Screening of the genotypes through plasmid assisted technology
provides an efficient and handy tool for elaborating genetic
relationships among the genotypes. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes
(populations) obtained from different sources were analyzed through
RAPD, DNA markers for evaluation of intraspecific DNA variations.
The results revealed that significant variations were present in
minor bands. Major bands also showed significant diversity.
Variations were also recorded in the density of some common bands.
Maximum and minimum Genetic Diversity i.e., 80% and 20% was found
among 08 and 23 comparisons respectively in banding profile. These
variations can be used for enhancing variability, a prerequisite
for crop breeding. Phylogenetic clustering of the genotypes
revealed that genetic diversity is independent of origin or source
of the genotypes. Forty eight genotypes of pea clustered in three
main groups A, B and C comprising 23, 5 and 20 genotypes,
respectively. A1 and C1 included the most distantly related
genotypes and hence can be recommended for breeding to obtain
genetically diverse populations.
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