This book focuses on novel bismuth-containing alloys and nanostructures, covering a wide range of materials from semiconductors, topological insulators, silica optical fibers and to multiferroic materials. It provides a timely overview of bismuth alloys and nanostructures, from material synthesis and physical properties to device applications and also includes the latest research findings. Bismuth is considered to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly element, and has received increasing attention in a variety of innovative research areas in recent years. The book is intended as a reference resource and textbook for graduate students and researchers working in these fields.

This book contains comprehensive reviews of different technologies to harness lattice mismatch in semiconductor heterostructures and their applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. While the book is a bit focused on metamorphic epitaxial growth, it also includes other methods like compliant substrate, selective area growth, wafer bonding, heterostructure nanowires, and more. Basic knowledge on dislocations in semiconductors and innovative methods to eliminate threading dislocations are provided, and successful device applications are reviewed. It covers a variety of important semiconductor materials like SiGe, III-V including GaN and nano-wires; epitaxial methods like molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic vapor phase epitaxy; and devices like transistors and lasers etc.

This book focuses on novel bismuth-containing alloys and nanostructures, covering a wide range of materials from semiconductors, topological insulators, silica optical fibers and to multiferroic materials. It provides a timely overview of bismuth alloys and nanostructures, from material synthesis and physical properties to device applications and also includes the latest research findings. Bismuth is considered to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly element, and has received increasing attention in a variety of innovative research areas in recent years. The book is intended as a reference resource and textbook for graduate students and researchers working in these fields.

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and finite-element time-domain (FETD) algorithms are among the most popular methods for the simulation of electromagnetics fields in the time-domain. This popularity stems in part from their unparalleled versatility and computational efficiency. The objective of this book is to present and study several state-of-the-art approaches aimed at improving the accuracy of FDTD and FETD for problems involving large-scale and/or disparate-size geometries. Topics discussed here include pre-asymptotic techniques to reduce numerical dispersion error, stable hybrid FDTD/FETD schemes using composite meshes, and stable perfectly matched layer implementations. This book should be of interest to researchers and practitioners involved in the development and application of FDTD or FETD to the growing number of technological areas that rely on electromagnetic simulations.