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Over the last few decades, numerous experiments have been operated
to search for dark matter, the mysterious component of the
universe. The dark matter is unseen and only known by its
gravitational effect, but it greatly outnumbers the normal matter
concluded from a wide variety of evidence. Since the dark matter
only interacts weakly with normal substance, the experiment to
search for it is preferred to be located deeply underground and
surrounded by layers of shielding materials, which is to diminish
the influence of background radiations. One has to have a
quantitative idea of the radiation level and the effectiveness of
the proposed shielding strategy in order to operate an experiment
with a desired sensitivity. This work is to list the background
radiations presented at SNOLAB and to examine the water tank shield
of the detector testing facility for SuperCDMS experiment by means
of Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the goal of
Metamaterials have attracted enormous interests from both physics
and engineering communities in the past 20 years, owing to their
powerful ability in manipulating electromagnetic waves. However,
the functionalities of traditional metamaterials are fixed at the
time of fabrication. To control the EM waves dynamically, active
components are introduced to the meta-atoms, yielding active
metamaterials. Recently, a special kind of active metamaterials,
digital coding and programmable metamaterials, are proposed, which
can achieve dynamically controllable functionalities using field
programmable gate array (FPGA). Most importantly, the digital
coding representations of metamaterials set up a bridge between the
digital world and physical world, and allow metamaterials to
process digital information directly, leading to information
metamaterials. In this Element, we review the evolution of
information metamaterials, mainly focusing on their basic concepts,
design principles, fabrication techniques, experimental measurement
and potential applications. Future developments of information
metamaterials are also envisioned.
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Loot
Nadine Gordimer
Paperback
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R398
R330
Discovery Miles 3 300
Not available
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