This book provides readers a fundamental insight into the basic properties of the pharmaceutical agents used in the treatment of osteoporosis. It provides insight into mechanisms of action, updated information on clinical utility, and possible side effects associated with the use of these pharmaceutical agents. In particular, it highlights the use of two monoclonal antibodies romosozumab and denosumab in activating osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclasts. It also discusses two anabolic pharmaceutical agents, teriparatide and abaloparatide to treat osteoporosis. They have been shown to reduce the incidence of non-vertebral and vertebral fractures significantly after they were administered to patients daily as subcutaneous injections. The content of this book caters to researchers, scientists, and clinical practitioners who are interested in the treatment of osteoporosis using pharmaceutical agents.