The Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) and the Bavarian Competence Network for Technical and Scienti?c High Performance Computing (KONWIHR) publish in the present book results of numerical simulations facilitated by the High P- formance Computer System in Bavaria (HLRB II) within the last two years. The papers were presented at the Fourth Joint HLRB and KONWIHR Review and - sult Workshop in Garching on 8th and 9th December 2009, and were selected from all progress reports of projects that use the HLRB II. Similar to the workshop two years ago, the majority of the contributed papers belong to the area of computational ?uid dynamics (CFD), condensed matter physics, astrophysics, chemistry, computer sciences and high-energy physics. We note a considerable increase of the user c- munity in some areas: Compared to 2007, the number of papers increased from 6 to 12 in condensed matter physics and from 2 to 5 in high-energy physics. Bio s- ences contributed only one paper in 2007, but four papers in 2009. This indicates that the area of application of supercomputers is continuously growing and entering new ?elds of research. The year 2007 saw two major events of particular importance for the LRZ. First, after a substantial upgrade with dual-core processors the SGI Altix 4700 superc- puter reached a peak performance of more than 62 Tera?op/s. And second, the n- pro?t organization Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e. V. (GCS) was founded on April 13th.

Leading-edge research groups in the field of scientific computing present their outstanding projects using the High Performance Computer in Bavaria (HLRB), Hitachi SR8000-F1, one of the top-level supercomputers for academic research in Germany. The projects address modelling and simulation in the disciplines Biosciences, Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Solid-State Physics, High-Energy Physics, Astrophysics, Geophysics, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and Computer Science. The authors describe their scientific background, their resource requirements with respect to top-level supercomputers, and their methods for efficient utilization of the costly high-performance computing power. Contributions of interdisciplinary research projects that have been supported by the Competence Network for Scientific High Performance Computing in Bavaria (KONWIHR) complete the broad range of supercomputer research and applications covered by this volume.

High-Performance Computers (HPC) have initiated a revolutionary develop ment in research and technology since many complex and challenging prob lems in this area can only be solved by HPC and a network in modeling, algo rithms and software. In 1998 the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Association) recommended to install an additional Federal High Performance Computer followed by the one in Stuttgart. In January 1999 the Wissenschaftsrat (German Science Council) decided that the Leibniz Rechenzentrum (Computing Center) of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich should run the second Federal High-Performance Computer in Ger many. The investment cost of this Hochstleistungsrechner in Bayern (HLRB) was borne by the Federal Government of Germany and the Free State of Bavaria whereas the operating cost was at the expense of the Bavarian Gov ernment only. The operation of the HLRB is organized in combination with the - Leibniz-Rechenzentrum (LRZ) of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences as the operating authority of the HLRB - Steering Committee of the HLRB - Competence Network for Technical/Scientific High-Performance Comp- ing in Bavaria (KONWIHR). In 2000 a Hitachi SR8000-Fl was installed. It was the first Teraflops Com puter in Germany and reached a peak performance of two Teraflops after an extension at the end of 2001. The goal of HLRB is to provide computer facil ities necessary to solve challenging scientific and technological problems that cannot be solved on big servers but require large (storage) high-performance (very fast) computers and efficient software.

This volume contains the papers of a German symposium dealing with research and project work in numerical and experimental aerodynamics and fluidmechanics for aerospace and other applications. It gives a broad overview over the ongoing work in this field in Germany.

Over the last five years an enormous number of wind turbines have been installed in Europe, bringing wind energy into public awareness. However, its further development is restricted mainly by public complaints caused by visual impact and noise.
The European Commission has therefore funded a number of research projects in the field of wind turbine noise within the JOULE program. This book presents the most relevant results of these projects.
The book addresses all relevant aspects of wind turbine noise, namely: noise reduction, noise propagation, noise measurement, and an introduction to aeroacoustics. It may serve as a first reference in the field of wind turbine noise for researchers, planners, and manufacturers.

The 24 papers presented at the international concluding colloquium of the German priority programme (DFG-Verbundschwerpunktprogramm) "Transition," held in April 2002 in Stuttgart.

The unique and successful programme ran six years, starting April 1996, and was sponsored mainly by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, but also by the Deutsches Zentrum f r Luft-und Raumfahrt, DLR, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, PTB, and Airbus Deutschland. The papers summarise the results of the programme and cover transition mechanisms, transition prediction, transition control, natural transition and measurement techniques, transition - turbulence - separation, and visualisation issues. Three invited papers are devoted to mechanisms of turbulence production, to a general framework of stability, receptivity and control, and a forcing model for receptivity analysis. Almost every transition topic arising in subsonic and transonic flow is covered.

For the fourth time, the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) and the Com- tence Network for Technical, Scienti c High Performance Computing in Bavaria (KONWIHR) publishes the results from scienti c projects conducted on the c- puter systems HLRB I and II (High Performance Computer in Bavaria). This book reports the research carried out on the HLRB systems within the last three years and compiles the proceedings of the Third Joint HLRB and KONWIHR Result and Reviewing Workshop (3rd and 4th December 2007) in Garching. In 2000, HLRB I was the rst system in Europe that was capable of performing more than one Tera op/s or one billion oating point operations per second. In 2006 it was replaced by HLRB II. After a substantial upgrade it now achieves a peak performance of more than 62 Tera op/s. To install and operate this powerful system, LRZ had to move to its new facilities in Garching. However, the situation regarding the need for more computation cycles has not changed much since 2000. The demand for higher performance is still present, a trend that is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Other resources like memory and disk space are currently in suf cient abundance on this new system.

The 24 papers presented at the international concluding colloquium of the German priority programme (DFG-Verbundschwerpunktprogramm) "Transition," held in April 2002 in Stuttgart.

The unique and successful programme ran six years, starting April 1996, and was sponsored mainly by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, but also by the Deutsches Zentrum f r Luft-und Raumfahrt, DLR, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, PTB, and Airbus Deutschland. The papers summarise the results of the programme and cover transition mechanisms, transition prediction, transition control, natural transition and measurement techniques, transition - turbulence - separation, and visualisation issues. Three invited papers are devoted to mechanisms of turbulence production, to a general framework of stability, receptivity and control, and a forcing model for receptivity analysis. Almost every transition topic arising in subsonic and transonic flow is covered.

This volume contains the papers of a German Symposium dealing with research and project work in numerical and experimental aerodynamics and fluidmechanics for aerospace and other applications. Results are reported from universities, research-establishments and industry. It therefore gives a broad overview over the ongoing work in this field in Germany.

Within the DFG -Schwerpunktprogramm "Stromungssimulation mit Hochleistungsrechnern" and within the activities of the French-German cooperation of CNRS and DFG a DFG symposium on "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) on Parallel Systems" was organized at the Institut fur Aerodynamik and Gasdynamik of the Stuttgart University, 9-10 December 1993. This symposium was attended by 37 scientists. The scientific program consisted of 18 papers that considered finite element, finite volume and a two step Taylor Galerkin algorithm for the numerical solution of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on massively parallel computers with MIMD and SIMD architecture and on work station clusters. Incompressible and compressible, steady and unsteady flows were considered including turbu lent combustion with complex chemistry. Structured and unstructured grids were used. High numerical efficiency was demonstrated by multiplicative, additive and multigrid methods. Shared memory, virtual shared memory and distributed memory systems were investigated, in some cases based on an automatic grid partitioning technique. Various methods for domain decomposition were investigated. The key point of these methods is the resolution of the inter face problem because the matrix involved can be block dense. Multilevel decomposition can be very efficient using multifrontal algorithm. The numerical methods include explicit and implicit schemes. In the latter case the system of equations is often solved by a Gauss -Seidel line re laxation technique."

Seit seinem ersten Erscheinen vor mehr als 125 Jahren hat sich der "Kohlrausch" zu einem unentbehrlichen Ratgeber und Nachschlagewerk fur jeden die Messtechnik anwendenden Wissenschaftler entwickelt. Die 24., neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage soll allen Naturwissenschaftlern, Ingenieuren und fortgeschrittenen Studenten, die sich bei ihrer Arbeit physikalischer Messmethoden bedienen, eine knappe, das Gesamtgebiet der Physik umfassende Darstellung der physikalischen Messtechnik vermitteln. Dabei ist nicht daran gedacht, den Fachmann vollstandig uber sein Fachgebiet zu informieren. Vielmehr soll dem jeweiligen Fremdfachmann ein Nachschlagewerk geboten werden, das er fur messtechnische Probleme ausserhalb seines eigenen Spezialgebietes zu Rate ziehen kann. Die gegebenen Informationen sollen in moglichst vielen Fallen ausreichen, um Messmethoden mit massigem Aufwand ohne zusatzliches Literaturstudium anwenden zu konnen. An aufwandige Methoden wird der Leser durch Literaturhinweise herangefuhrt und auf wesentliche Gesichtspunkte aufmerksam gemacht."

This volume presents a selection of reports from scientific projects requiring high end computing resources on the Hitachi SR8000-F1 supercomputer operated by Leibniz Computing Center in Munich. All reports were presented at the joint HLRB and KONWHIR workshop at the Technical University of Munich in October 2002. The following areas of scientific research are covered: Applied Mathematics, Biosciences, Chemistry, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Cosmology, Geosciences, High-Energy Physics, Informatics, Nuclear Physics, Solid-State Physics. Moreover, projects from interdisciplinary research within the KONWIHR framework (Competence Network for Scientific High Performance Computing in Bavaria) are also included. Each report summarizes its scientific background and discusses the results with special consideration of the quantity and quality of Hitachi SR8000 resources needed to complete the research.