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Offering a fresh take on a crucial phase of European history, this
book explores the years between the 1980s and 1990s when the
European Union took shape. Whilst contributing to existing
literature on the Maastricht Treaty and European integration at the
end of the twentieth century, the book also brings those debates
into the twenty-first century and makes connections with
longer-term issues. The transformation of the European political
climate in the wake of the global financial crisis in 2008, and the
watershed Brexit vote in 2016, has made it all the more urgent to
reconsider the way scholars and opinion-makers have looked at
European integration in the past. Drawing from recently released
archival documents, the authors analyse European cooperation as
part of the broader international history in which it unfolded,
taking into account the changes in the Cold War order and the
advance of a new phase of globalisation. Comparing and contrasting
the debates, objectives and achievements of the 1980s and 1990s
with the current political landscape of the European Union, this
book proposes a novel interpretation of the choices that were made
during the Maastricht years, and of their longer-term consequences.
After the Cold War, its history must be reassessed as the opening
of Soviet archives allows a much fuller understanding of the
Russian dimension. These essays on the classic period of the Cold
War (1945-53) use Soviet and Western sources to shed new light on
Stalin's aims, objectives and actions; on Moscow's relations with
both the Soviet Bloc and the West European Communist Parties; and
on the diplomatic relations of Britain, France and Italy with the
USSR. The contributors are prominent European, Russian and American
specialists.
This is a study of the responses of the Soviet Union to the
European crises which led to World War II. It is based on a
substantial body of political and diplomatic documents that has
become accessible to scholars since the opening up of former Soviet
archives in 1992.
As the activities of individuals, organizations, and nations
increasingly occur in cyberspace, the security of those activities
is becoming a growing concern. Political, economic and military
leaders must manage and reduce the level of risk associated with
threats from hostile states, malevolent nonstate actors such as
organized terrorist groups or individual hackers, and high-tech
accidents. The impact of the information technology revolution on
warfare, global stability, governance, and even the meaning of
existing security constructs like deterrence is significant. These
essays examine the ways in which the information technology
revolution has affected the logic of deterrence and crisis
management, definitions of peace and war, democratic constraints on
conflict, the conduct of and military organization for war, and the
growing role of the private sector in providing security. This book
was previously published as a special issue of the journal
Contemporary Security Policy. John Arquilla, Naval Postgraduate
School Walter S. Baer, RAND Graduate School, California Matt
Bishop, University of California, Davis Damon Coletta, United Sta
As the activities of individuals, organizations, and nations
increasingly occur in cyberspace, the security of those activities
is becoming a growing concern. Political, economic and military
leaders must manage and reduce the level of risk associated with
threats from hostile states, malevolent nonstate actors such as
organized terrorist groups or individual hackers, and high-tech
accidents. The impact of the information technology revolution on
warfare, global stability, governance, and even the meaning of
existing security constructs like deterrence is significant. These
essays examine the ways in which the information technology
revolution has affected the logic of deterrence and crisis
management, definitions of peace and war, democratic constraints on
conflict, the conduct of and military organization for war, and the
growing role of the private sector in providing security. This book
was previously published as a special issue of the journal
Contemporary Security Policy.
This is a study of the responses of the Soviet Union to the
European crises which led to World War II. It is based on a
substantial body of political and diplomatic documents that has
become accessible to scholars since the opening up of former Soviet
archives in 1992.
The first book of its kind to appear since the end of the Cold War,
this indispensable reference provides encyclopedic coverage of
communism and its impact throughout the world in the 20th century.
With the opening of archives in former communist states, scholars
have found new material that has expanded and sometimes altered the
understanding of communism as an ideological and political force. A
Dictionary of 20th-Century Communism brings this scholarship to
students, teachers, and scholars in related fields. In more than
400 concise entries, the book explains what communism was, the
forms it took, and the enormous role it played in world history
from the Russian Revolution through the collapse of the Soviet
Union and beyond. * Examines the political, intellectual, and
social influences of communism around the globe * Features
contributions from an international team of 160 scholars * Includes
more than 400 entries on major topics, such as: * Figures: Lenin,
Mao, Stalin, Ho Chi Minh, Pol Pot, Castro, Gorbachev * Events: Cold
War, Prague Spring, Cultural Revolution, Sandinista Revolution *
Ideas and concepts: Marxism-Leninism, cult of personality, labor *
Organizations and movements: KGB, Comintern, Gulag, Khmer Rouge *
Related topics: totalitarianism, nationalism, antifascism,
anticommunism, McCarthyism * Guides readers to further research
through bibliographies, cross-references, and an index
The second volume of The Cambridge History of Communism explores
the rise of Communist states and movements after World War II.
Leading experts analyze archival sources from formerly Communist
states to re-examine the limits to Moscow's control of its
satellites; the de-Stalinization of 1956; Communist reform
movements; the rise and fall of the Sino-Soviet alliance; the
growth of Communism in Asia, Africa and Latin America; and the
effects of the Sino-Soviet split on world Communism. Chapters
explore the cultures of Communism in the United States, Western
Europe and China, and the conflicts engendered by nationalism and
the continued need for support from Moscow. With the danger of a
new Cold War developing between former and current Communist states
and the West, this account of the roots, development and
dissolution of the socialist bloc is essential reading.
The third volume of The Cambridge History of Communism spans the
period from the 1960s to the present, documenting the last two
decades of the global Cold War and the collapse of Soviet
socialism. An international team of scholars analyze the rise of
China as a global power continuing to proclaim its Maoist
allegiance, and the transformation of the geopolitics and political
economy of Cold War conflict in an era of increasing economic
interpenetration. Beneath the surface, profound political, social,
economic and cultural changes were occurring in the socialist and
former socialist countries, resulting in the collapse and
transformations of the existing socialist order and the changing
parameters of world Marxism. This volume draws on innovative
research to bring together history from above and below, including
social, cultural, gender, and transnational history to transcend
the old separation between Communist studies and the broader field
of contemporary history.
The first volume of The Cambridge History of Communism deals with
the tumultuous events from 1917 to the Second World War, such as
the Russian Revolution and Civil War, the revolutionary turmoil in
post-World War I Europe, and the Spanish Civil War. Leading experts
analyse the ideological roots of communism, historical
personalities such as Lenin, Stalin, and Trotsky and the
development of the Communist movement on a world scale against this
backdrop of conflict that defined the period. It addresses the
making of Soviet institutions, economy, and society while also
looking at mass violence and relations between the state, workers,
and peasants. It introduces crucial communist experiences in
Germany, China, and Central Asia. At the same time, it also
explores international and transnational communist practices
concerning key issues such as gender, subjectivity, generations,
intellectuals, nationalism, and the cult of personality.
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