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The relationship between Anglo-Saxon kingship, law, and the
functioning of power is explored via a number of different angles.
The essays collected here focus on how Anglo-Saxon royal authority
was expressed and disseminated, through laws, delegation,
relationships between monarch and Church, and between monarchs at
times of multiple kingships and changing power ratios. Specific
topics include the importance of kings in consolidating the English
"nation"; the development of witnesses as agents of the king's
authority; the posthumous power of monarchs; how ceremonial
occasions wereused for propaganda reinforcing heirarchic, but
mutually beneficial, kingships; the implications of Ine's lawcode;
and the language of legislation when English kings were ruling
previously independent territories, and the delegation of local
rule. The volume also includes a groundbreaking article by Simon
Keynes on Anglo-Saxon charters, looking at the origins of written
records, the issuing of royal diplomas and the process,
circumstances, performance and function of production of records.
GALE R. OWEN-CROCKER is Professor of Anglo-Saxon Culture at the
University of Manchester. Contributors: Ann Williams, Alexander R.
Rumble, Carole Hough, Andrew Rabin, Barbara Yorke, Ryan Lavelle,
Alaric Trousdale
Contributions to the forty-eighth volume of Anglo-Saxon England
focus on aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture and history across a period
from the sixth to the twelfth century. This volume begins with an
examination of Beowulf fitt II and the Andreas-poet, and ends with
a study of St Dunstan and the heavenly choirs of St Augustine's
Abbey, Canterbury, as related in Goscelin's Historia translationis
S. Augustini. Also included are articles on Leofric of Exeter and
liturgical performance as pastoral care, legal culture under Dena
lage with reference to III AEthelred, an Agnus Dei penny of King
AEthelred the Unready and self-seeking in The Metres of Boethius.
Latin verse in an Old English medical codex is examined with
reference to Bald's Colophon, the figure of Beow is explored in a
Scandinavian context and a new solution is provided for Exeter
Riddle 55. Each article is preceded by a short abstract.
This comprehensive collection includes Asser’s Life of Alfred, extracts from The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and Alfred’s own writings, laws, and will.
Anglo-Saxon England was the first publication to consistently
embrace all the main aspects of study of Anglo-Saxon history and
culture - linguistic, literary, textual, palaeographic, religious,
intellectual, historical, archaeological and artistic - and which
promotes the more unusual interests - in music or medicine or
education, for example. Articles in volume 38 include: The Passio
Andreae and The Dream of the Rood by Thomas D. Hill, Beowulf off
the Map by Alfred Hiatt, Numerical Composition and Beowulf: A
Re-consideration by Yvette Kisor, 'The Landed Endowment of the
Anglo-Saxon Minster at Hanbury (Worcs.) by Steven Bassett,
Scapegoating the Secular Clergy: The Hermeneutic Style as a Form of
Monastic Self-Definition by Rebecca Stephenson, Understanding
Numbers in MS London, British Library Harley by Daniel Anlezark,
Tudor Antiquaries and the Vita AEdwardi Regis by Henry Summerso and
Earl Godwine's Ship by Simon Keynes and Rosalind Love. A
comprehensive bibliography concludes the volume, listing
publications on Anglo-Saxon England during 2008.
Ideas about the whole sweep of Anglo-Saxon history and in
particular the importance of combining skills from many disciplines
are at the centre of this volume. Walter Goffart invites us to
think again about what Bede meant by 'the true law of history',
while Joanna Story argues that the early Frankish annals give us
important insight into the raw material available to Bede. J. R.
Madicott traces the rapid development of Mercian power in Bede's
time, and a team of textual scholars and scientists report on their
experiments to test the efficacy of Anglo-Saxon medical
prescriptions. At the other end of the period, Gale R. Owen-Crocker
shows how the birds in the margins of the Bayeux Tapestry are used
to comment on the narrative of the Norman Conquest, while Rebecca
Rushforth finds evidence for continued post-Conquest interest in
the descendents of the royal house of Wessex. The usual
comprehensive bibliography of the previous year's publications in
all branches of Anglo-Saxon studies rounds off the book.
It is red-letter day in Anglo-Saxon studies when a previously
unknown Old English text comes to light. In 2002, as the result of
some outstanding scholarly detective work, a fragmentary homiliary,
containing exegetical homilies for the Sundays after Pentecost,
came to light in the Somerset County Records Office in Taunton. The
manuscript apparently dates from the middle years of the eleventh
century; but questions of when and where and by whom the homiliary
was composed can only be answered by close philological study of
the Old English text itself. The present volume of Anglo-Saxon
England contains a printed edition of this interesting text, and
detailed philological analysis leads to the extraordinary
hypothesis that the text may have been composed by someone whose
native language was not English, and who was apparently unfamiliar
with the mainstream of English homiletic composition, best
illustrated in the work of AElfric. The usual comprehensive
bibliography of the previous year's publications in all branches of
Anglo-Saxon studies rounds off the book.
Anglo-Saxon England is the only publication which consistently
embraces all the main aspects of study of Anglo-Saxon history and
culture - linguistic, literary, textual, palaeographic, religious,
intellectual, historical, archaeological and artistic - and which
promotes the more unusual interests - in music or medicine or
education, for example. Articles in volume 32 include: On
argumentation in Old English philology, with particular reference
to the editing and dating of Beowulf; Knowledge of the writings of
John Cassian in early Anglo-Saxon England; The earliest manuscript
of Bede's metrical Vita S. Cudbercti; An Anglo-Saxon runic coin and
its adventures in Sweden; The sources of the Old English
Martyrology; The Old English Benedictine Rule: Writing for women
and men; The trick of the runes in The Husband's Message; A late
Saxon inscribed pendant from Norfolk; Illustrations of damnation in
late Anglo-Saxon manuscripts; The use of writs in the eleventh
century; Bibliography for 2002.
Material evidence brought to light in this book includes a niello
disc from Limpsfield Grange (Surrey) and two fragments of a
composite Old English homily discovered in Westminster Abbey. Many
previously accepted scholarly positions are reassessed and
challenged. A comprehensive assessment of the palaeography of the
Exeter Book situates it in the context of late tenth-century book
production, and shows that there are no grounds for thinking that
the manuscript originated in Exeter itself and that its origin must
as yet remain unknown. As always, the interpretation of Old English
poetry figures largely in this book. One of the most intriguing of
the Old English riddles is explained convincingly. The influence of
Aldhelm's Latin poetry on Old English verse is also convincingly
demonstrated. The usual comprehensive bibliography of the previous
year's publications rounds off the book; and a full index of the
contents of volumes 1-25 is provided, with a separate index to
volumes 21-25. (Previous indexes have appeared in volumes 5, 10, 15
and 20.)
The contents of the forty-first volume of Anglo-Saxon England range
across the period from the seventh century to the eleventh, and
across the disciplines from Old English and Insular Latin
literature to monetary history, ecclesiastical history, manuscript
studies, sculpture, and cookery. Collectively, the articles
represent the vitality of Anglo-Saxon studies not only in Britain
but also in Ireland, France, Germany and the United States of
America. Each article is preceded by a short abstract.
Anglo-Saxon England is the only publication which consistently
embraces all the main aspects of study of Anglo-Saxon history and
culture - linguistic, literary, textual, palaeographic, religious,
intellectual, historical, archaeological and artistic - and which
promotes the more unusual interests - in music or medicine or
education, for example. Articles in volume 39 include: 'Why is the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle about kings?' by Nicholas Brooks, 'The Old
English Life of St Neot and the legends of King Alfred' by Malcolm
Godden, 'The Edgar poems and the poetics of failure in the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle' by Scott Thompson Smith and an article
focusing on the new discovery of an eighteenth Agnus Dei penny of
King AEthelred the Unready by Simon Keynes and Mark Blackburn. A
comprehensive bibliography concludes the volume, listing
publications on Anglo-Saxon England during 2009.
Was Old English metre really based on stress and rhythm? Do we
really know that a particular glossed manuscript of a Latin
curriculum author was used in an Anglo-Saxon classroom and, if so,
how? How were disputes about bookland dealt with? What happened to
the last male representative of the West Saxon royal line after the
Norman Conquest? And what are the implications of the Taylors'
great work on Anglo-Saxon architecture for related studies? These
are among the challenging questions taken up in this book. The
publication of findings concerning a striking sculptured stone
unearthed at Repton and an interpretation of a panel on the
Ruthwell Cross bring us close to some distinctive Anglo-Saxon ways
of thinking. So do two source studies of vernacular prose, a
demonstration of Aldhelm's interest in how a name is related to its
referent, and a searching enquiry into early Anglo-Saxon kingship.
Textual criticism and phonology are put to good use too. The usual
comprehensive bibliography of the previous year's publications in
all branches of Anglo-Saxon studies rounds off the book.
Areas of study pursued in this book include a revealing grammatical
document from eighth-century Northumbria; renewed excavations at
Sutton Hoo are reported; the existence of an unnoticed late Old
English prose version of parts of Gregory's Dialogues is pointed
out. Fresh thinking is directed to topics as interesting and
diverse as a design on the Sutton Hoo purse lid; the origin of a
little-considered English decorated manuscript containing lives of
saints now in Paris; the enigmatic poem Wulf and Eadwacer; word
order as an element on Old English poetic style; surviving traces
of the teaching which Theodore and Hadrian delivered in England;
the career of a Latin text much studied in English schools for its
difficult vocabulary; the political aspects of relic cults during
the last century and a half of Anglo-Saxon monarchy; and the
organization of the invading armies led by Swein Forkbeard and
Cnut. The usual comprehensive bibliography of the previous year's
publications in all branches of Anglo-Saxon studies rounds off the
book; there is also a comprehensive index to volumes 11-15.
This volume offers fundamental evidence and discussion illuminating
a wide range of important subjects: possible influence of Cicero on
Bede's attitude to rhetoric; the probability that Theodore and
Hadrian brought a glossary from Italy to England; the traditional
concept of the narrator in Old English poetry; the nationality of
the author of the Old English poem Genesis B; the conceptions of
history controlling the Old English Orosius; the establishment of
Square minuscule as the standard English script of the tenth
century; criteria for distinguishing between Anglo-Saxon script
written in England and script written by Anglo-Saxons on the
continent; the grounds for claiming that certain surviving
pre-Conquest manuscripts were once at Glastonbury; the extent of
the circulation of Prudentius's Psychomachia in Anglo-Saxon
England; the regional distribution of names of different origins
among the moneyers of the Anglo-Danish era. Early and late periods
and north and south thus find a place in this searching treatment
of intellectual, cultural and settlement issues. The usual
comprehensive bibliography rounds off the book.
This volume explores many fundamental questions regarding
Anglo-Saxon history. Among those considered is the question of did
the earliest English prose really divide into a Mercian tradition
and a separate West Saxon one? What is the full roll-call of extant
texts containing late Old English 'Winchester' words? How far was
Anglo-Saxon medicine hocus-pocus and how far the fruit of
deliberate experimentation? How much Greek vocabulary was known in
Anglo-Saxon England, and how was it known and how used? How did
Anglo-Saxon land law work in practice? Advances in scholarship,
application of modern scientific knowledge of a type not normally
available, fresh directions of thought, original analysis, stricter
criteria and additions to the stock of primary evidence all
characterize this book. The usual comprehensive bibliography of the
previous year's publications in all branches of Anglo-Saxon studies
rounds off the book.
This volume makes important contributions to our stock of primary
manuscript evidence: it recovers parts of six previously unrecorded
charters and analyses two sets of fragments, each unique in its own
way - two leaves of Old Testament text written in Mercia or
Canterbury early in the ninth century and six leaves of a missal
written at Worcester in the mid-eleventh century. Significant
issues in both ecclesiastical and secular history are tackled too -
the location of Lindsey, the fate of Rutland during the
Scandinavian invasions and settlements, and the state of our
knowledge of the archaeology of the Five Boroughs of Leicester,
Derby, Nottingham, Stamford and Lincoln. Vernacular literature
receives its fair share of attention as well: the relationship
between author and audience is examined in the cases of a biblical
poem and of the prose homiliary which is still least well
understood among the principle ones extant. The usual comprehensive
bibliography of the previous year's publications in all branches of
Anglo-Saxon studies rounds off the book.
The principal emphasis of this book is the relationship between
England and its neighbours in the pre-Conquest period. It brings
together fresh information of England's place in the early medieval
world, with essays concentrating on finance and trade, travel,
learning and education. A detailed analysis of the Old English
vocabulary for money and wealth shows different usage over two
centuries reflects a developing awareness, particularly on the part
of AElfric, of the relationship between wealth and power. Medical
recipes in Bald's Leechbook, which stipulate the use of exotic
spices from Arabia, have stimulated a fascinating essay on how
these ingredients may have made their way from Arabia and the
Mediterranean to England. Other essays in this wide-ranging book
examine the Old English Rune Poem in the context of its two later
Scandinavian analogues; the use in England of Jerome's Hebracium
translation of the psalter; and the study in English schools of the
difficult verse of Abbo of Saint-Germain-des-Pres. The usual
comprehensive bibliography of the previous year's publications in
all branches of Anglo-Saxon studies rounds off the book.
The vitality of Anglo-Saxon studies is reflected in the continuing
acquisition of fresh knowledge and perspectives gained from the
combination of disparate but complementary skills and disciplines.
Evidence presented in this book reveals unsuspected aspects of the
influence of Aldhelm's Latin poetry in early medieval Spain. The
many non-runic inscriptions which have been discovered since 1980
are catalogued and analysed. Comprehensive analysis of a
little-understood Latin source of the Old English medical treatise
known as Bald's Leechbook throws light not only on the English text
but also, surprisingly, on the transmissional history of the Latin
source. The decoration of an important manuscript from the early
tenth century, the Tanner Bede, is set in the context of
tenth-century developments in manuscript illumination, and the
analysis of the Regularis concordia from an architectural point of
view permits fresh understanding of the layout of monastic churches
in the later Anglo-Saxon period. The usual comprehensive
bibliography of the previous year's publications in all branches of
Anglo-Saxon studies rounds off the book.
That Alcuin addressed to the monks of Lindisfarne the question,
'What has Ingeld to do with Christ?', is a much repeated dogma in
Old English studies; but in this book close examination of the
letter in question shows that it was addressed not to Lindisfarne
nor to a monastic community, but to a bishop in Mercia. That 'Ultan
the scribe' was responsible for some of the most lavishly
illuminated Anglo-Saxon manuscripts is shown to be another
untenable dogma. Fresh perspectives from interdisciplinary study:
the 'beasts-of-battle' typescenes which are characteristic of Old
English poetry are studied in the wider context of other European
literatures. The nasty Viking habit of murdering hostages by
throwing bones at them (as happened to St AElfeah) is illuminated
by a wide-ranging study of analogues in Scandinavian literatures.
Characteristic features of Aldhelm's enigmata are elucidated by the
study of Byzantine riddles, thereby revealing a link between
England and the Greek orient. The usual comprehensive bibliography
of the previous year's publications rounds off the book.
Our knowledge of Anglo-Saxon England depends wholly on the precise
and detailed study of the texts that have come down to us from
pre-Conquest times. The present book contains pioneering studies of
some of these sources which have been neglected or misunderstood. A
comprehensive study of a group of lavish gospelbooks written under
the patronage of a late Anglo-Saxon countess, Judith of Flanders
(sometime wife of the Earl Tostig who was killed at Stamford Bridge
in 1066) shows the importance of these artefacts and provides fresh
understanding of the transmission of the gospels in late
eleventh-century England. Close analysis of the Libellus
AEthelwoldi, a neglected Latin translation of a late tenth-century
documentary record of the estates acquired by the redoubtable
Bishop AEthelwold for Ely Abbey, throws significant light on the
operations of the laws of land tenure in the late tenth century.
These and other more traditional lines of enquiry are the focus of
this book. The usual comprehensive bibliography of the previous
year's publications in all branches of Anglo-Saxon studies rounds
off the book.
Material evidence brought to light in this book includes a niello
disc from Limpsfield Grange (Surrey) and two fragments of a
composite Old English homily discovered in Westminster Abbey. Many
previously accepted scholarly positions are reassessed and
challenged. A comprehensive assessment of the palaeography of the
Exeter Book situates it in the context of late tenth-century book
production, and shows that there are no grounds for thinking that
the manuscript originated in Exeter itself and that its origin must
as yet remain unknown. As always, the interpretation of Old English
poetry figures largely in this book. One of the most intriguing of
the Old English riddles is explained convincingly. The influence of
Aldhelm's Latin poetry on Old English verse is also convincingly
demonstrated. The usual comprehensive bibliography of the previous
year's publications rounds off the book; and a full index of the
contents of volumes 1 25 is provided, with a separate index to
volumes 21 25. (Previous indexes have appeared in volumes 5, 10, 15
and 20.)
This volume is framed by articles that throw interesting light on
the achievement and reputation of the greatest of Anglo-Saxon kings
- Alfred. It opens with a wide-ranging study of the literary and
archaeological evidence for the novel design of Alfred's ships,
design which in later times led to his being regarded as the father
of the English navy. The book closes with a survey of the
development of the Alfredian legend from the tenth to the twentieth
century, with material drawn from a wide variety of different
sources, including art and literature, much of which may be
unfamiliar to students of Anglo-Saxon England. Between these two
articles on King Alfred lies a variety of studies which illustrate
Anglo-Saxon England's aim of encouraging the interdisciplinary
study of surviving records. The usual comprehensive bibliography of
the previous year's publications in all branches of Anglo-Saxon
studies rounds off the book.
The editorial policy of Anglo-Saxon England has been to encourage
an interdisciplinary approach to the study of all aspects of
Anglo-Saxon culture. This approach is pursued in exemplary fashion
by many of the essays in this volume. Fresh light is thrown on the
dating and form of Cynewulf's poem The Fates of the Apostles
through a comprehensive study of the historical martyrologies of
the Carolingian period on which Cynewulf is presumed to have drawn.
The literary form of AElfric's Preface to his translation of
Genesis is illustrated through a wide-ranging study of the
rhetorical genre of preface-writing in the early Middle Ages (the
genre which subsequently was known as the ars dictaminis), and the
problems which AElfric faced and solved in composing a Life of St
AEthelthryth are illustrated through detailed comparison of the
sources which he utilized. The usual comprehensive bibliography of
the previous year's publications in all branches of Anglo-Saxon
studies rounds off the book.
One of the most important manuscripts surviving from pre-Conquest
England receives penetrating analysis by several scholars. The
'Junius Manuscript' is evaluated from a number of intersecting
perspectives, including codicology, decoration, script and
punctuation; the confluence of these permits a fresh and convincing
dating of this crucially important witness to Old English poetry.
This demonstration is strikingly corroborated by an independent
analysis of the textual transmission of one of the poems contained
in the manuscript - Daniel - which is analysed in connection with
another poetic version of the same biblical text, here entitled
Three Youths, preserved in the 'Exeter Book'. AElfric's conception
of the creation and fall of the angels is also studied, and this
takes us back to a poem in the 'Junius Manuscript', that known as
Genesis A. It is shown that AElfric's conception of the angels,
which has no antecedent in the Bible itself, could possibly have
been framed by his reading of Genesis A. The usual comprehensive
bibliography of the previous year's publications is provided.
Throughout the centuries of its existence, Anglo-Saxon society was
highly, if not widely, literate: it was a society the functioning
of which depended very largely on the written word. All the essays
in this volume throw light on the literacy of Anglo-Saxon England,
from the writs which were used as the instruments of government
from the eleventh century onwards, to the normative texts which
regulated the lives of Benedictine monks and nuns, to the runes
stamped on an Anglo-Saxon coin, to the pseudorunes which deliver
the coded message of a man to his lover in a well-known Old English
poem, to the mysterious writing on an amulet which was apparently
worn by a religious for a personal protection from the devil. The
usual comprehensive bibliography of the previous year's
publications in all branches of Anglo-Saxon studies rounds off the
book.
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