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It has been over 50 years since the beginning of the Israeli
occupation of the Palestinian Territories. It is estimated that
there are over 600,000 Israeli settlers living in the West Bank and
East Jerusalem, and they are supported, protected, and maintained
by the Israeli state. This book discusses whether international
criminal law could apply to those responsible for allowing and
promoting this growth, and examines what this application would
reveal about the operation of international criminal law. It
provides a comprehensive analysis of how the Rome Statute of the
International Criminal Court could apply to the settlements in the
West Bank through a close examination of the potential operation of
two relevant Statute crimes: first, the war crime of transfer of
population; and second, the war crime of unlawful appropriation of
property. It also addresses the threshold question of whether the
law of occupation applies to the West Bank, and how the principles
of individual criminal responsibility might operate in this
context. It explores the relevance and coherence of the legal
arguments relied on by Israel in defence of the legality of the
settlements and considers how these arguments might apply in the
context of the Rome Statute. The work also has wider aims, raising
questions about the Rome Statute's capacity to meet its aim of
establishing a coherent and legally effective system of
international criminal justice.
This pioneering study looks across key trafficking crimes to
develop a social theory of transnational criminal markets. These
include human trafficking, drug dealing, and black markets in
wildlife, diamonds, guns and antiquities, The author offers an
in-depth analysis of structural similarities and differences within
illicit trade networks, and explores the economic underpinnings
which drive global trafficking. Revealing how traffickers think of
their illegal enterprises as 'just business', he draws broader
lessons for the ways forward in understanding criminality in this
emerging field.
It has been over 50 years since the beginning of the Israeli
occupation of the Palestinian Territories. It is estimated that
there are over 600,000 Israeli settlers living in the West Bank and
East Jerusalem, and they are supported, protected, and maintained
by the Israeli state. This book discusses whether international
criminal law could apply to those responsible for allowing and
promoting this growth, and examines what this application would
reveal about the operation of international criminal law. It
provides a comprehensive analysis of how the Rome Statute of the
International Criminal Court could apply to the settlements in the
West Bank through a close examination of the potential operation of
two relevant Statute crimes: first, the war crime of transfer of
population; and second, the war crime of unlawful appropriation of
property. It also addresses the threshold question of whether the
law of occupation applies to the West Bank, and how the principles
of individual criminal responsibility might operate in this
context. It explores the relevance and coherence of the legal
arguments relied on by Israel in defence of the legality of the
settlements and considers how these arguments might apply in the
context of the Rome Statute. The work also has wider aims, raising
questions about the Rome Statute's capacity to meet its aim of
establishing a coherent and legally effective system of
international criminal justice.
Covering key aspects of provenance research for the international
art market, this accessible publication, co-published with the
International Foundation for Art Research (IFAR), explores a range
of themes including challenges and best practice to considerations
specific to Nazi looted art and the trade in illicit antiquities.
Provenance research is a crucial component of any art-market
transaction. Without a provenance it is often difficult to
establish a work's authenticity, its true value or who has legal
title. Whether buying, selling or simply maintaining an artwork in
either a private or a public collection, the days when a blind eye
could be turned to the history (or the lack of a known history) of
a work have long gone. Proper, thorough and effective provenance
research is the minimum required and demanded in today's art world
- a world that is increasingly recognising the need for greater and
more effective self-regulation in the face of fakes, forgeries and
challenges to ownership or authenticity that are now commonplace.
Provenance Research Today is essential reading for a broad
audience, from those studying to become part of the art world or
professionals starting a career in provenance research, to
collectors or would-be collectors, dealers, galleries, auction
houses, police and art lawyers.
This pioneering study looks across key trafficking crimes to
develop a social theory of transnational criminal markets. These
include human trafficking, drug dealing, and black markets in
wildlife, diamonds, guns and antiquities, The author offers an
in-depth analysis of structural similarities and differences within
illicit trade networks, and explores the economic underpinnings
which drive global trafficking. Revealing how traffickers think of
their illegal enterprises as 'just business', he draws broader
lessons for the ways forward in understanding criminality in this
emerging field.
The book, entitled "Welfare of farmed fish in present and future
production systems", summarises the view of more than 80 experts in
the field of fish welfare, collected over a period of more than
five years in an international network entitled "Welfare of Fish in
European Aquaculture" (Cost action 867), which was sponsored by the
COST Office. COST is the acronym for European Cooperation in
Science and Technology. During the time of the action a shift
became evident in the general perception of fish welfare. It now
not only includes variables with very direct effects on growth, and
thereby the economy of the farmer, such as disease, water and feed
quality, but the term also includes fish preferences and
biology-based stimulation measures. This Cost action has
contributed to the notion that welfare sets biological criteria for
a sustainable production system. We present the reader with an
overview of the results obtained, which can help to guide the way
towards welfare of farmed fish in present and future production
systems. The first chapter gives an overview of the scientific
papers that follow. All scientific papers and the first chapter
were previously published in Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, vol.
38, number 1, 2012. Given the accruing interest in fish welfare in
society, each of these scientific papers should be accessible for
stakeholders that are not part of the research community. For that
reason each of the scientific papers is preceded by a summary for
non-experts. Previously published in Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry, vol. 38, number 1, 2012
Trafficking Culture outlines current research and thinking on the
illicit market in antiquities. It moves along the global
trafficking chain from 'source' to 'market', identifying the main
roles and routines involved. Using original research, the authors
explore the dynamics of this 'grey' market, where legal and illegal
goods are mixed and conflated. It compares and contrasts this
illicit trade with other 'transnational criminal markets', such as
the illegal trades in wildlife and diamonds. The analytical frames
of organized crime and white-collar crime, drawn from criminology,
provide a fresh perspective on a problem that has tended to be seen
as archaeological, rather than criminological. Bringing insights
from both disciplines together, this book represents a productive
discourse between experts in these two fields, working together for
several years to produce the evidence base that is reported here.
Innovative forms of regulation are the most productive way to
explore crime control in this field, and this book provides a
series of propositions about practical crime reduction measures for
the future. It will be invaluable to academics working in the
fields of archaeology, criminology, art history, museum studies,
and heritage. The book will also be a vital resource for
professionals in the field of cultural property protection and
preservation.
Trafficking Culture outlines current research and thinking on the
illicit market in antiquities. It moves along the global
trafficking chain from 'source' to 'market', identifying the main
roles and routines involved. Using original research, the authors
explore the dynamics of this 'grey' market, where legal and illegal
goods are mixed and conflated. It compares and contrasts this
illicit trade with other 'transnational criminal markets', such as
the illegal trades in wildlife and diamonds. The analytical frames
of organized crime and white-collar crime, drawn from criminology,
provide a fresh perspective on a problem that has tended to be seen
as archaeological, rather than criminological. Bringing insights
from both disciplines together, this book represents a productive
discourse between experts in these two fields, working together for
several years to produce the evidence base that is reported here.
Innovative forms of regulation are the most productive way to
explore crime control in this field, and this book provides a
series of propositions about practical crime reduction measures for
the future. It will be invaluable to academics working in the
fields of archaeology, criminology, art history, museum studies,
and heritage. The book will also be a vital resource for
professionals in the field of cultural property protection and
preservation.
The looting of antiquities happens routinely and many countries
have rich deposits of cultural material. The list of source
countries is long, but the most high profile cases of looting have
been in Egypt, Italy, Peru, Mexico, Greece, Turkey, and China.
Antiquities are highly collectable, and there are several prominent
international centers for trade - most notably London, New York,
Paris, Brussels, Hong Kong, Geneva, and Bangkok - but the market
operates across national borders. It is within the complex
international and local regulatory context that the essays
presented here emerge, focusing upon three areas in particular: the
demand for looted antiquities, the supply of cultural artifacts
which originate in source countries, and regulation of the
international market in antiquities. Criminology has long been
interested in transnational crime and its regulation, while
archaeology has been interested in the pedagogical consequences of
antiquities looting. In these essays, both disciplines present new
data and analysis to forge a more coherent understanding of the
nature and failings of the regulatory framework currently in place
to combat the criminal market in antiquities. The book examines the
state of regulation in the antiquities market, with a particular
focus on the UK's position, but also with reference to the
international context more generally. It is an invaluable guide
which gives advice on combating the trade in illicit antiquities
and will be of interest to criminologists, policy makers, and
regulators. (Series: Onati International Series in Law and Society)
The looting of antiquities happens routinely and many countries
have rich deposits of cultural material. The list of source
countries is long, but the most high profile cases of looting have
been in Egypt, Italy, Peru, Mexico, Greece, Turkey, and China.
Antiquities are highly collectable, and there are several prominent
international centers for trade - most notably London, New York,
Paris, Brussels, Hong Kong, Geneva, and Bangkok - but the market
operates across national borders. It is within the complex
international and local regulatory context that the essays
presented here emerge, focusing upon three areas in particular: the
demand for looted antiquities, the supply of cultural artifacts
which originate in source countries, and regulation of the
international market in antiquities. Criminology has long been
interested in transnational crime and its regulation, while
archaeology has been interested in the pedagogical consequences of
antiquities looting. In these essays, both disciplines present new
data and analysis to forge a more coherent understanding of the
nature and failings of the regulatory framework currently in place
to combat the criminal market in antiquities. The book examines the
state of regulation in the antiquities market, with a particular
focus on the UK's position, but also with reference to the
international context more generally. It is an invaluable guide
which gives advice on combating the trade in illicit antiquities
and will be of interest to criminologists, policy makers, and
regulators. (Series: Onati International Series in Law and Society)
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