Endodontic surgery has now evolved to endodontic microsurgery. It has revolutionized the way surgery is perceived and performed by using state-of-the-art equipment, instruments and materials that match the biological concepts with clinical practice. Coupled with the introduction of magnification through the use of the surgical operating microscope, miniaturised armamentarium, refined principles of soft and hard tissue management, use of tissue regenerative root-end filling materials and enhanced principles of wound closure and postoperative management, surgical endodontics has emerged as a highly predictable and relatively painless procedure.