Mathematical models are used to convert real-life problems using mathematical concepts and language. These models are governed by differential equations whose solutions make it easy to understand real-life problems and can be applied to engineering and science disciplines. This book presents numerical methods for solving various mathematical models. This book offers real-life applications, includes research problems on numerical treatment, and shows how to develop the numerical methods for solving problems. The book also covers theory and applications in engineering and science. Engineers, mathematicians, scientists, and researchers working on real-life mathematical problems will find this book useful.

This book systematically examines and quantifies industrial problems by assessing the complexity and safety of large systems. It includes chapters on system performance management, software reliability assessment, testing, quality management, analysis using soft computing techniques, management analytics, and business analytics, with a clear focus on exploring real-world business issues. Through contributions from researchers working in the area of performance, management, and business analytics, it explores the development of new methods and approaches to improve business by gaining knowledge from bulk data. With system performance analytics, companies are now able to drive performance and provide actionable insights for each level and for every role using key indicators, generate mobile-enabled scorecards, time series-based analysis using charts, and dashboards. In the current dynamic environment, a viable tool known as multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is increasingly being adopted to deal with complex business decisions. MCDA is an important decision support tool for analyzing goals and providing optimal solutions and alternatives. It comprises several distinct techniques, which are implemented by specialized decision-making packages. This book addresses a number of important MCDA methods, such as DEMATEL, TOPSIS, AHP, MAUT, and Intuitionistic Fuzzy MCDM, which make it possible to derive maximum utility in the area of analytics. As such, it is a valuable resource for researchers and academicians, as well as practitioners and business experts.

This book systematically examines and quantifies industrial problems by assessing the complexity and safety of large systems. It includes chapters on system performance management, software reliability assessment, testing, quality management, analysis using soft computing techniques, management analytics, and business analytics, with a clear focus on exploring real-world business issues. Through contributions from researchers working in the area of performance, management, and business analytics, it explores the development of new methods and approaches to improve business by gaining knowledge from bulk data. With system performance analytics, companies are now able to drive performance and provide actionable insights for each level and for every role using key indicators, generate mobile-enabled scorecards, time series-based analysis using charts, and dashboards. In the current dynamic environment, a viable tool known as multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is increasingly being adopted to deal with complex business decisions. MCDA is an important decision support tool for analyzing goals and providing optimal solutions and alternatives. It comprises several distinct techniques, which are implemented by specialized decision-making packages. This book addresses a number of important MCDA methods, such as DEMATEL, TOPSIS, AHP, MAUT, and Intuitionistic Fuzzy MCDM, which make it possible to derive maximum utility in the area of analytics. As such, it is a valuable resource for researchers and academicians, as well as practitioners and business experts.

The mental foramen is a funnel-like opening in the lateral surface of the mandible at the terminus of the mandibular canal. This foramen is contained entirely within the buccal cortical plate of bone. Generally the mental foramen is difficult to locate. There are no absolute anatomical landmarks for reference and the foramen cannot be clinically visualised or palpated. As a result, the reported anatomical position of the mental foramen has been variable and the most common location being below the apex of the second premolar or between the apices of first and second premolars. The position of this foramen varies among races and genders. There has been variations in the mental foramen ranging from difference in shape and positions to presence of accessory foramen or even complete absence in some cases. Knowledge of the positioning of the mental foramen is important when administering regional anesthesia, orthodontic tooth movement/surgery and performing periapical surgery in the mental region of the mandible or evaluation of implant surgical site.An understanding of the anatomy of the location of these block and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles

With rapid growth of internet traffic over last few years, the area of internet traffic classification becomes very significant for various ISPs. Now days, traditional internet traffic classification techniques such as port number and payload based techniques are seldom used because of use of dynamic port number instead of well-known port number in packet headers and various cryptographic techniques used to encrypt packet payload. Current trends are use of machine learning techniques for internet traffic classification. In this research work, downloaded internet traffic dataset, self-developed internet traffic datasets for packet capture duration of 2 minute and 2 seconds and reduced feature datasets developed using Correlation based Feature Selection Algorithm are employed for analysis purpose. Then, five ML algorithms Multilayer Perceptron, Radial Basis Function Neural Network, C4.5 Decision Tree, Bayes Net and Naive Bayes algorithms are used for internet traffic classification. This analysis shows that C4.5 is an effective ML technique for internet traffic classification provided packet capture duration and number of features characterizing each sample should be minimum."

Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers provides a thorough understanding of the concepts and principles of modern physics with their applications. The concepts are arranged logically, and a large number of problems with their step-by-step solutions are provided. University problems have been included in all chapters, and a set of theoretical, numerical and multiple choice questions at the end of each chapter will help readers to understand the subject. This textbook covers broad variety of topics of interest in modern physics: the special theory of relativity, quantum mechanics (dual nature of particle as well as Schroedinger's equations with applications), atomic physics, molecular physics, nuclear physics, solid state physics, superconductivity, x-rays, lasers, optical fibres, and motion of charged particle in electromagnetic fields. The book is designed as a textbook for undergraduate students of science and engineering.