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Looking at the growing use of federalism and decentralization as
tools of conflict resolution, this book provides evidence from
several case studies on the opportunities and challenges that
territorial solutions offer when addressing internal conflicts
within a variety of countries. Federalism has been used as a tool
of conflict resolution in a number of conflict situations around
the world. The results of this have been mixed at best, with some
countries moving slowly to the paths of peace and recovery, while
others have returned to violence. This volume looks at a number of
case studies in which federalism and decentralization have been
promoted in order to bring opposing groups together and protect the
territorial integrity of different countries. Yet, it is
demonstrated that this has been incredibly difficult, and often
overshadowed by wider concerns on secession, de and
re-centralization and geopolitics and geoeconomics. While
federalism and decentralization might hold the key to keeping
war-torn countries together and bringing hostile groups to the
negotiation table, we nevertheless need to rethink under which
conditions territorial autonomy can help to transform conflict and
when it might contribute to an increase in conflict and violence.
Federalism alone, so the key message from all contributions, cannot
be enough to bring peace – yet, without territorial solutions to
ongoing violence, it is also unlikely that peace will be achieved.
The chapters in this book were originally published as a special
issue of Ethnopolitics.
This book critically examines the process of statebuilding by the
EU, focusing on its attempts to build Member States in the Western
Balkan region. This book analyses the European Union's policies
towards, and the impact they have, upon the states of the Western
Balkans, and assesses how these affect the nature of EU foreign
policy. To this end, it focuses on the tools and mechanisms that
the EU employs in its enlargement policy and examines the new
instruments of direct intervention (in Bosnia and Kosovo),
political coercion (in the case of Croatia and Serbia in relation
to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia),
and stricter conditionality in the Western Balkan countries. The
book discusses the key aim of this special form of statebuilding,
which is to establish functional liberal-democratic states in
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia,
Montenegro, and Serbia in order for them to join the EU and to cope
with the responsibilities and pressures of membership in the
future. However, the authors argue that while the EU sees itself as
an international actor that promotes and protects
liberal-democratic values, norms and principles, its experiences in
the Western Balkans demonstrate how the EUs actions in the region
have undermined the basic principles of democratic decision-making
(such as the European support for impositions in Bosnia) and
international law (Kosovo), and have consequently contributed to
new tensions (see police reform in Bosnia, and the tensions between
Kosovo and Serbia) and dependencies. This book will be of much
interest to students of statebuilding, EU politics, global
governance and IR/Security Studies in general.
In 1995 none of the political parties representing the peoples of
Bosnia preferred a federal option. Yet, Bosnia became a federal
state, highly decentralised and with a complex institutional
architecture. This solution was imposed on them by international
actors as a result of peace negotiations following the Yugoslav
wars. Political parties in post-war Bosnia were not willing to
identify with or accept the federation. The international community
intervened taking over key decisions and so Bosnia and Herzegovina
became the first state to experience a new model of federalism,
namely 'imposed federalism' and a new model of a federal state,
that of the 'internationally administered federation'. By combining
comparative politics, conflict analysis and international relations
theory Soeren Keil offers a unique analysis of federalism in
post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina. By exploring this model of
'imposed federalism' not only does this study greatly contribute to
the literature on developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina it also
re-evaluates comparative federalism in theory and practice. This
study also offers important conclusions for similar cases, both in
the Western Balkans region and the wider world, where international
involvement and federalism as a method of conflict resolution in
diverse societies becomes ever more prevalent and important.
In 1995 none of the political parties representing the peoples of
Bosnia preferred a federal option. Yet, Bosnia became a federal
state, highly decentralised and with a complex institutional
architecture. This solution was imposed on them by international
actors as a result of peace negotiations following the Yugoslav
wars. Political parties in post-war Bosnia were not willing to
identify with or accept the federation. The international community
intervened taking over key decisions and so Bosnia and Herzegovina
became the first state to experience a new model of federalism,
namely 'imposed federalism' and a new model of a federal state,
that of the 'internationally administered federation'. By combining
comparative politics, conflict analysis and international relations
theory Soeren Keil offers a unique analysis of federalism in
post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina. By exploring this model of
'imposed federalism' not only does this study greatly contribute to
the literature on developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina it also
re-evaluates comparative federalism in theory and practice. This
study also offers important conclusions for similar cases, both in
the Western Balkans region and the wider world, where international
involvement and federalism as a method of conflict resolution in
diverse societies becomes ever more prevalent and important.
Looking at the growing use of federalism and decentralization as
tools of conflict resolution, this book provides evidence from
several case studies on the opportunities and challenges that
territorial solutions offer when addressing internal conflicts
within a variety of countries. Federalism has been used as a tool
of conflict resolution in a number of conflict situations around
the world. The results of this have been mixed at best, with some
countries moving slowly to the paths of peace and recovery, while
others have returned to violence. This volume looks at a number of
case studies in which federalism and decentralization have been
promoted in order to bring opposing groups together and protect the
territorial integrity of different countries. Yet, it is
demonstrated that this has been incredibly difficult, and often
overshadowed by wider concerns on secession, de and
re-centralization and geopolitics and geoeconomics. While
federalism and decentralization might hold the key to keeping
war-torn countries together and bringing hostile groups to the
negotiation table, we nevertheless need to rethink under which
conditions territorial autonomy can help to transform conflict and
when it might contribute to an increase in conflict and violence.
Federalism alone, so the key message from all contributions, cannot
be enough to bring peace - yet, without territorial solutions to
ongoing violence, it is also unlikely that peace will be achieved.
The chapters in this book were originally published as a special
issue of Ethnopolitics.
The Western Balkans have seen rapid changes since the end of the
violent conflicts in the 1990s. The EU has been one of the main
drivers for change, focusing on the political, economic and social
transformation of the region to prepare the countries for
membership in the Union. EU enlargement has never before been this
complex and inter-connected with processes of state-building and
democratization. It can be argued that the EU is actively involved
in state-building. By focusing on a number of case-studies, it will
be demonstrated how complex the transformation towards independent
statehood and modern democratic governance has been (and continues
to be) for most Western Balkan states. While some chapters focus
explicitly on the role of the EU in these transformative
procedures, others discuss the role of outside influences on
state-building, democratization and independent governance more
implicit. The picture painted is one of multiple and
inter-connected alterations that have long-term consequences for
the political systems of the region. This book was published as a
special issue of Nationalities Papers.
Based on a variety of contemporary debates on federal theory
Understanding Federalism and Federation honours Michael Burgess'
contribution to the study of these topics through a selection of
approaches, theories, debates and interpretations. Gathering
contributors from diverse subfields to synthesize current debates
it offers a snapshot of the immense range of current research on
federalism and federation. Leading authors debate key issues such
as American federalism, Canada and the role of Quebec, the latest
insights into comparative federalism and federation, the European
Union as a federal project and the analysis of constitutional
courts in federal systems. Different theoretical and empirical
fields and perspectives are brought together, synthesizing major
findings and addressing emerging issues and these topics are
analysed through multiple lenses to provide new insights, original
approaches and much-needed theoretical and empirical data on
federalism and federation.
State Building and Democratization in Bosnia and Herzegovina
details the post-Dayton evolution of the country over the last two
decades. Carefully evaluating the successes and failures the book
explores the slow progress of the democratization process and how
key elites initially took hold of the state and its institutions
and have successfully retained their grip on power, despite heavy
international presence and reform attempts to counter-balance this
trend. Bosnia and Herzegovina offers a useful lens through which to
view international state-building and democratization efforts.
International engagement here incorporated significant civilian and
military investment and has been ongoing for many years. In each
chapter international scholars and field-based practitioners
examine the link between post-war events and a structure that
effectively embeds ethno-national politics and tensions into the
fabric of the country. These contributors offer lessons to be
learned, and practices to be avoided whilst considering whether, as
state-building and democratization efforts have struggled in this
relatively advanced European country, they can succeed in other
fragile states.
Based on a variety of contemporary debates on federal theory
Understanding Federalism and Federation honours Michael Burgess'
contribution to the study of these topics through a selection of
approaches, theories, debates and interpretations. Gathering
contributors from diverse subfields to synthesize current debates
it offers a snapshot of the immense range of current research on
federalism and federation. Leading authors debate key issues such
as American federalism, Canada and the role of Quebec, the latest
insights into comparative federalism and federation, the European
Union as a federal project and the analysis of constitutional
courts in federal systems. Different theoretical and empirical
fields and perspectives are brought together, synthesizing major
findings and addressing emerging issues and these topics are
analysed through multiple lenses to provide new insights, original
approaches and much-needed theoretical and empirical data on
federalism and federation.
State Building and Democratization in Bosnia and Herzegovina
details the post-Dayton evolution of the country over the last two
decades. Carefully evaluating the successes and failures the book
explores the slow progress of the democratization process and how
key elites initially took hold of the state and its institutions
and have successfully retained their grip on power, despite heavy
international presence and reform attempts to counter-balance this
trend. Bosnia and Herzegovina offers a useful lens through which to
view international state-building and democratization efforts.
International engagement here incorporated significant civilian and
military investment and has been ongoing for many years. In each
chapter international scholars and field-based practitioners
examine the link between post-war events and a structure that
effectively embeds ethno-national politics and tensions into the
fabric of the country. These contributors offer lessons to be
learned, and practices to be avoided whilst considering whether, as
state-building and democratization efforts have struggled in this
relatively advanced European country, they can succeed in other
fragile states.
The Western Balkans have seen rapid changes since the end of the
violent conflicts in the 1990s. The EU has been one of the main
drivers for change, focusing on the political, economic and social
transformation of the region to prepare the countries for
membership in the Union. EU enlargement has never before been this
complex and inter-connected with processes of state-building and
democratization. It can be argued that the EU is actively involved
in state-building. By focusing on a number of case-studies, it will
be demonstrated how complex the transformation towards independent
statehood and modern democratic governance has been (and continues
to be) for most Western Balkan states. While some chapters focus
explicitly on the role of the EU in these transformative
procedures, others discuss the role of outside influences on
state-building, democratization and independent governance more
implicit. The picture painted is one of multiple and
inter-connected alterations that have long-term consequences for
the political systems of the region. This book was published as a
special issue of Nationalities Papers.
This book critically examines the process of statebuilding by the
EU, focusing on its attempts to build Member States in the Western
Balkan region. This book analyses the European Union's policies
towards, and the impact they have, upon the states of the Western
Balkans, and assesses how these affect the nature of EU foreign
policy. To this end, it focuses on the tools and mechanisms that
the EU employs in its enlargement policy and examines the new
instruments of direct intervention (in Bosnia and Kosovo),
political coercion (in the case of Croatia and Serbia in relation
to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia),
and stricter conditionality in the Western Balkan countries. The
book discusses the key aim of this special form of statebuilding,
which is to establish functional liberal-democratic states in
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia,
Montenegro, and Serbia in order for them to join the EU and to cope
with the responsibilities and pressures of membership in the
future. However, the authors argue that while the EU sees itself as
an international actor that promotes and protects
liberal-democratic values, norms and principles, its experiences in
the Western Balkans demonstrate how the EUs actions in the region
have undermined the basic principles of democratic decision-making
(such as the European support for impositions in Bosnia) and
international law (Kosovo), and have consequently contributed to
new tensions (see police reform in Bosnia, and the tensions between
Kosovo and Serbia) and dependencies. This book will be of much
interest to students of statebuilding, EU politics, global
governance and IR/Security Studies in general.
This book conceives federalism not as a static institutional
architecture, but as a dynamic formation always in flux. This may
entail processes of federalization, but in some cases also lead to
de-federalization. It looks at emerging federal structures
worldwide and analyses federal structures: their emergence,
operation and categorization. The contributors highlight that the
"emergence" of these federal structures has multiple facets, from
the recognition of ethnic diversity to the use of federalism as a
tool of conflict resolution. Identifying and categorizing processes
of federalization and defederalization in a variety of cases, the
book provides much needed empirical and theoretical discussion on
emerging federal structures and the changing nature of federalism
in the post-Cold War era.
This book evaluates the performance of consociational power-sharing
arrangements in Europe. Under what conditions do consociational
arrangements come in and out of being? How do consociational
arrangements work in practice? The volume assesses how
consociationalism is adopted, how it functions, and how it reforms
or ends. Chapters cover early adopters of consociationalism,
including both those which moved on to other institutional designs
(the Netherlands, Austria) as well as those that continue to use
consociational processes to manage their differences (Belgium,
Switzerland, South Tyrol). Also analysed are 'new wave' cases where
consociationalism was adopted after violent internal conflict
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Northern Ireland)
and cases of unresolved conflict where consociationalism may yet
help mediate ongoing divisions (Cyprus, Spain). Soeren Keil is
Reader in Politics and International Relations, Canterbury Christ
Church University, United Kingdom. Allison McCulloch is Associate
Professor in Political Science, Brandon University, Canada.
This book evaluates the performance of consociational power-sharing
arrangements in Europe. Under what conditions do consociational
arrangements come in and out of being? How do consociational
arrangements work in practice? The volume assesses how
consociationalism is adopted, how it functions, and how it reforms
or ends. Chapters cover early adopters of consociationalism,
including both those which moved on to other institutional designs
(the Netherlands, Austria) as well as those that continue to use
consociational processes to manage their differences (Belgium,
Switzerland, South Tyrol). Also analysed are 'new wave' cases where
consociationalism was adopted after violent internal conflict
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Northern Ireland)
and cases of unresolved conflict where consociationalism may yet
help mediate ongoing divisions (Cyprus, Spain). Soeren Keil is
Reader in Politics and International Relations, Canterbury Christ
Church University, United Kingdom. Allison McCulloch is Associate
Professor in Political Science, Brandon University, Canada.
This volume casts a fresh look on how the political spaces of the
Western Balkan states (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia,
Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia and Albania) are shaped, governed and
transformed during the EU accession process. The contributors argue
that EU conditionality in the Western Balkans does not work
'effectively' in terms of social change because rule transfer
remains a 'contested' business, due to veto-players on the ground
and strong legacies of the past. The volume examines specific
policy areas, salient in the enlargement process and to a different
degree incorporated in the accession criteria, as well as EU
foreign policy in the spheres of post-conflict stabilisation,
democratization and the rule of law promotion.
This volume casts a fresh look on how the political spaces of the
Western Balkan states (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia,
Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia and Albania) are shaped, governed and
transformed during the EU accession process. The contributors argue
that EU conditionality in the Western Balkans does not work
'effectively' in terms of social change because rule transfer
remains a 'contested' business, due to veto-players on the ground
and strong legacies of the past. The volume examines specific
policy areas, salient in the enlargement process and to a different
degree incorporated in the accession criteria, as well as EU
foreign policy in the spheres of post-conflict stabilisation,
democratization and the rule of law promotion.
This compilation of essays by scholars from the region, Western
Europe, and the US, explores the intersection of international
politics in the post-Yugoslav states with a focus on the influence
and impact of the European Union, the United States, Russia, China,
and Turkey. The implications of external actors policy in the
region for its Euro-Atlantic integration, its security, and
stability are examined and discussed. In assessing the importance
of the post-Yugoslav states for the EU and US and the current trend
of disengagement by these two democratic actors in the region,
answers are revealed regarding the question whether we are seeing a
new Eastern Question emerging in the post-Yugoslav states.
Likewise, when looking at the role of Russia, China, and Turkey in
the regionand in contrast to European and US policies, it becomes
obvious to what extent the region, once again, is becoming the
playground of Great Power games and wider geopolitical strategic
interests. The analytical time frame covers the period 19912018.
The changes in the foreign policies of great powers are explored as
they relate to the institutional set-up of the region. For
instance, do the changes affect the EUs hegemony in the region? Do
Russia, China, and Turkey actively contribute to changing the rules
of the game in the regionbe it the accession process or regional
cooperation?
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