The book re-examines the religious thought and receptions of the Syrian poet Abu l-'Ala' al-Ma'arri (d.1057) and one of his best known works - Luzum ma la yalzam (The Self-Imposed Unnecessity), a collection of poems, which, although widely studied, needs a thorough re-evaluation regarding matters of (un)belief. Given the contradictory nature of al-Ma'arri's oeuvre and Luzum in particular, there have been two major trends in assessing al-Ma'arri's religious thought in modern scholarship. One presented al-Ma'arri as an unbeliever and a freethinker arguing that through contradictions, he practiced taqiya, i.e., dissimulation in order to avoid persecution. The other, often apologetically, presented al-Ma'arri as a sincere Muslim. This study proposes that the notion of ambivalence is a more appropriate analytical tool to apply to the reading of Luzum, specifically in matters of belief. This ambivalence is directly conditioned by the historical and intellectual circumstances al-Ma'arri lived in and he intentionally left it unsolved and intense as a robust stance against claims of certainty. Going beyond reductive interpretations, the notion of ambivalence allows for an integrative paradigm in dealing with contradictions and dissonance.

This book provides solid empirical evidence into the role that countries and communities of origin play in the migrant integration processes at destination. Coverage explores several important questions, including: To what extent do policies pursued by receiving countries in Europe and the US complement or contradict each other? What effective contribution do they make to the successful integration of migrants? What obstacles do they put in their way? This title is the second of two complementary volumes, each of which is designed to stand alone and provide a different approach to the topic. Here, renowned contributors present evidence from the studies of 55 origin countries on five continents and 28 countries of destination in Europe where both quantitative and qualitative research was conducted. In addition, the chapters detail results of a unique worldwide survey of 900 organisations working on migrant integration and diaspora engagement. The results draw on an innovative methodology and new approaches to the analysis of large-scale survey data. This examination into the tensions between integration policies and diaspora engagement policies will appeal to academics, policymakers, integration practitioners, civil society organisations, as well as students. Overall, the chapters provide empirical evidence that builds upon a theoretical framework developed in a complementary volume: Migrant integration between Homeland and Host society. Vol. 1. Where does the country of origin fit? by A. Unterreiner, A. Weinar. and P. Fargues.

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Solving nonsmooth optimization (NSO) problems is critical in many practical applications and real-world modeling systems. The aim of this book is to survey various numerical methods for solving NSO problems and to provide an overview of the latest developments in the field. Experts from around the world share their perspectives on specific aspects of numerical NSO. The book is divided into four parts, the first of which considers general methods including subgradient, bundle and gradient sampling methods. In turn, the second focuses on methods that exploit the problem's special structure, e.g. algorithms for nonsmooth DC programming, VU decomposition techniques, and algorithms for minimax and piecewise differentiable problems. The third part considers methods for special problems like multiobjective and mixed integer NSO, and problems involving inexact data, while the last part highlights the latest advancements in derivative-free NSO. Given its scope, the book is ideal for students attending courses on numerical nonsmooth optimization, for lecturers who teach optimization courses, and for practitioners who apply nonsmooth optimization methods in engineering, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and business. Furthermore, it can serve as a reference text for experts dealing with nonsmooth optimization.

This edited volume asks what earlier and contemporary cemeteries and memorials can tell us about manifestations of past times. How do they testify of contradictory dimensions of memorial behavior: from commemoration or celebration to forgetting? The chapters in this volume address the work of cultural remembrance connected mostly to various minority groups in East Central Europe while enquiring into tangible and intangible intertwining spheres visible and hidden signs, traces and lifeworlds of memories, emotions, stories, and historical interpretations.

Providing new developments in Geodesy, Cartography, and Geoinformatics

Providing new developments in Geodesy, Cartography, and Geoinformatics

From chudails and peris to jinn and goddesses, this lush collection of South Asian folklore, legends, and epics reimagines stories of old for a modern audience. This fantasy and science fiction teen anthology edited by Samira Ahmed and Sona Charaipotra contains a wide range of stories from fourteen bestselling, award-winning, and emerging writers from the South Asian diaspora that will surprise, delight, and move you. So read on, for after all, magic has no borders. A pair of star-crossed lovers search for a way back to one another against all odds . . . A girl fights for her life against a malignant, generations-old evil . . . A peri seeks to reclaim her lost powers . . . A warrior rebels against her foretold destiny . . . With stories by: Sabaa Tahir, #1 New York Times bestselling author of the Ember in the Ashes series, and winner of the National Book Award and Printz Award for All My Rage Sayantani DasGupta, New York Times bestselling author of the Kiranmala and the Kingdom Beyond series Preeti Chhibber, author of Spider-Man’s Social Dilemma Sona Charaipotra, author of Symptoms of a Heartbreak and How Maya Got Fierce, and coauthor of The Rumor Game and Tiny Pretty Things, now a Netflix original series. Tanaz Bhathena, award-winning author of Hunted by the Sky and Of Light and Shadow Sangu Mandanna, bestselling author of The Very Secret Society of Irregular Witches and the Celestial Trilogy Olivia Chadha, author of Rise of the Red Hand Nafiza Azad, author of William C. Morris Award nominee, The Candle and the Flame Tracey Baptiste, New York Times bestselling author of The Jumbies series and Minecraft: The Crash Naz Kutub, author of The Loophole Nikita Gill, bestselling author of Wild Embers and Fierce Fairytales Swati Teerdhala, author of the Tiger at Midnight trilogy Shreya Ila Anasuya, New Voices selection Tahir Abrar, New Voices selection

Most sixteen year-olds cause at least some damage on their path to adulthood. But Saira Sehgal has vowed to first do no harm. A girl genius, she's the youngest MD in America - and she hasn't picked an easy specialty: She's working in the cancer ward. Saira's always been good at getting what she wants, but she's new to adult challenges - like getting out from under the thumb of her doting mother, who works at the same hospital; like proving herself to coworkers who don't take her seriously; and crushing on a cute boy who happens to have stage-two leukemia. Turns out "heartbreak" is one ailment Saira still doesn't know how to treat.

Principles of Comparative Politics offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to comparative inquiry, research, and scholarship. In this thoroughly revised Third Edition, students now have an even better guide to cross-national comparison and why it matters. The new edition retains a focus on the enduring questions with which scholars grapple, the issues about which consensus has started to emerge, and the tools comparativists use to get at the complex problems in the field. Updates to this edition include a new intuitive take on statistical analyses and a clearer explanation of how to interpret regression results; a thoroughly-revised chapter on culture and democracy that includes a more extensive discussion of cultural modernization theory and a new overview of survey methods for addressing sensitive topics; and a revised chapter on dictatorships that incorporates a principal-agent framework for understanding authoritarian institutions. Examples from the gender and politics literature have been incorporated into various chapters, and empirical examples and data on various types of institutions have been updated. The authors have thoughtfully streamlined chapters to better focus attention on key topics. Explore online resources: https://edge.sagepub.com/principlescp3e

The International Scientific and Professional Conference on Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics 2017 (GCG 2017) was organized under the auspices of the Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Kosice (SK), Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice (SK), Faculty of Civil Engineering, STU Bratislava (SK), Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU Prague (CZ), University of Technology, Kielce (PL), AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow (PL), Upper Nitra Mines Prievidza, plc. (SK) and the Slovakian Mining Society (SK). The conference was held from October 10 - 13, 2017, in Low Tatras, Slovakia. The purpose of the conference was to provide a forum for prominent scientists, researchers and professionals from Slovakia, Poland and the Czech Republic to present novel and fundamental advances in the fields of geodesy, cartography and geoinformatics. Conference participants had the opportunity to exchange and share their experiences, research and results solved within scientific research projects with other colleagues. The conference focused on a wide spectrum of actual topics and subject areas in Surveying and Mine Surveying, Geodetic Control and Geodynamics, and Cartography and Geoinformatics and collected in this proceedings volume.

During the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century chemical societies were established all over Europe. The book focuses on this process and further development of the European chemical societies before World War I and in exceptional cases up to 1930. It comprises chapters based on a common set of questions and an extensive concluding chapter that provides a comparative analysis of the early development of the European chemical societies. The book offers unique historical material showing the social, intellectual and political circumstances in which the chemical societies were constituted and function, their relations to universities and chemical industries, everyday lives, international contacts, etc. The analysis of data explores how networks in chemistry and professional autonomy were constituted, and investigates the process of demarcation that inevitably takes place when a social institution of a scientific discipline is formed. The reader gets answer to the important question of what chemistry was and was not in the latter half of nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. Various aspects of creating scientific societies have been of much interest to historians of science in recent years. Nevertheless, histories of scientific societies are mostly occasional publications written to celebrate their jubilees. This volume represents a first international comparative analysis on the beginnings of chemical societies in Europe based on a detailed historical research done by a group of renowned historians of chemistry from several countries. As such it is an entirely new contribution to the history of chemistry in Europe and European scientific societies in general and a unique source for chemists and historians. Its ambition is to become a reference work in history of chemistry, set the standard for similar studies in other disciplines, and serve European chemical societies to provide a context for their complex histories and relationships. The book can be read by miscellaneous audiences and various types of readers with diverse intentions who will benefit differently from it: - A member of a national chemical society will find there narrative on his "own" society's establishment and early history and the opportunity to compare it with societies from other countries - Historically interested chemists will find in the book details as well as wider perspectives on the institutional history of their discipline - Historians of chemistry will get a thoroughly documented and scholarly book on the early history of chemical societies in Europe, written by acknowledged colleagues. The individual chapters will offer additional literature and sources for their research into history of chemistry. - Historians of science will get material for comparative studies on scientific institutions on the roles of learned societies on national and international level. They can be inspired to create similar studies related to other scientific disciplines. The underlying common set of guidelines can provide methodological assistance. - Teachers of history of chemistry and history of science will find in the book additional reading material and literature. - Social and general historians will be given a well-edited and reliable source on a number of social institutions that played versatile roles in local/national settings. The establishment of chemical societies can be compared with other kinds of learned, professional, and amateur societies in the same period. They also will get data and information about some aspects of the scientific boom in the second half of the nineteenth century and pre-WW1 period.