In the 1830s New York, Philadelphia, and Boston each had a stock exchange. These were the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Philadelphia Stock Exchange, and Boston Stock Exchange. As there was no reliable means of communicating between these cities in real time, each exchange served its local market. The 1840s brought an innovation in communications technology: the telegraph, which, in time, brought these exchanges into competition with each other. Three previously independent stock markets became, in effect, a single market. If a security was listed on more than one exchange, potential buyers and sellers could choose the exchange on which to execute a trade in this security. This book closely analyzes this competition. The NYSE emerged as the winner of this competition. It became the place to trade securities that evoked regional, and eventually national interest, while the Boston and Philadelphia exchanges remained regional exchanges. This book analyses when and why this happened. This analysis is applied to the competition between (i) stock exchanges today; (ii) car rental aggregator services such as Uber and Ola; (iii) restaurant to home, food delivery services, such a Zomato and Swiggy; and (iv) doorstep delivery services, such as Blinkit and Zepto.

Women and the word marginalization have never remained oxymoronic - the cross-cultural texts and Engels interest on subjugation make a perfect recipe for this incongruity. Multicultural and Marginalized Voices of Postcolonial Literature traces multifarious facets of marginalized literature across the world, giving a brilliant overview of the historical roots of multiculturalist and marginalized sections. The fourteen chapters relate key literary and cultural texts and cover a broad spectrum of historical, linguistic and theoretical issues. There are three sections in the book - section I has four chapters, dealing specifically theoretical constructions and representations. Section II consists of four chapters that offer varied spectrum of discourses on world literature, intersecting with the frameworks of literary theories. Section III comprises six chapters that explore the mind of dalits, subalterns, colonial women and gender issues of a variety of Indian English Writers and draw varied perspectives of it.