Genetic disorders are far more common than is widely appreciated. Abnormalities can range from a small mutation in a single gene to the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes. Sound knowledge is required enabling individuals to be better informed about genetic risks and reproductive options and thus further aids in prevention of morbidity resulting from genetic diseases and alleviation of the sufferings this would pose. The aim here is to provide overall familiarity with Genetic Disorders, with focus on its types and brief description on the diagnosis, screening and treatment.

Our approach to the way we look at genes or analyze DNA completely revolutionized after Dr. Kary Mullis envisioned a means of copying DNA in a chain reaction in 1983. Subsequently, he won the Nobel Prize for inventing this powerful polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology which has now become a ubiquitous tool in every life science laboratory, be it for basic or applied research, for diagnostics.PCR is one of the most important techniques used to study DNA and RNA obtained from a variety of tissue sources and thus has become a "Cornerstone of Genome Sequencing Projects." Today the extent to which immune-pathologic and molecular pathologic techniques are employed varies greatly, but it is conceivable that in the next decade, many of today's most technically advanced methods of molecular analysis will become standard practice. The aim here is to provide an overall familiarity with PCR, details of some typical PCR experiments, and a focus on issue useful to the field of genomic analysis.