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Thermodynamicsandstatisticalphysicsstudythephysicalproperties(mec-
nical, thermal, magnetic, optical, electrical, etc.) of the
macroscopic system. The tasks and objects of study in
thermodynamics and statistical physics are identical. However, the
methods of investigationinto macroscopicsystems are di?erent.
Thermodynamics is a phenomenological theory. It studies the
properties of bodies, without going into the mechanism of
phenomena, i.e., not taking into consideration the relation between
the internal structure of substance and phenomena, it generalizes
experimental results. As a result of such a g- eralization,
postulates and laws of thermodynamics made their appearance. These
laws make it possible to ?nd general relations between the di?erent
properties of macroscopic systems and the physical events occurring
in them. Statisticalphysicsisa microscopic
theory.Onthebasisoftheknowledgeof the type of particles a system
consists of, the nature of their interaction, and
thelawsofmotionoftheseparticlesissuingfromtheconstructionofsubstance,
it explains the properties being observedon experiment, and
predicts the new properties of systems. Using the laws of classical
or quantum mechanics, and alsothe theoryofprobability,
itestablishesqualitativelynewstatistical app- priatenesses of the
physical properties of macroscopic systems, substantiates the laws
of thermodynamics, determines the limits of their applicability,
gives the statistical interpretation of thermodynamic parameters,
and also works out methods of calculations of their means. The
Gibbs method is based on statisticalphysics.Thismethodis
themostcanonical.Therefore, inthis book, the exposition of the
Gibbs method takes an important pla
Thermodynamicsandstatisticalphysicsstudythephysicalproperties(mec-
nical, thermal, magnetic, optical, electrical, etc.) of the
macroscopic system. The tasks and objects of study in
thermodynamics and statistical physics are identical. However, the
methods of investigationinto macroscopicsystems are di?erent.
Thermodynamics is a phenomenological theory. It studies the
properties of bodies, without going into the mechanism of
phenomena, i.e., not taking into consideration the relation between
the internal structure of substance and phenomena, it generalizes
experimental results. As a result of such a g- eralization,
postulates and laws of thermodynamics made their appearance. These
laws make it possible to ?nd general relations between the di?erent
properties of macroscopic systems and the physical events occurring
in them. Statisticalphysicsisa microscopic
theory.Onthebasisoftheknowledgeof the type of particles a system
consists of, the nature of their interaction, and
thelawsofmotionoftheseparticlesissuingfromtheconstructionofsubstance,
it explains the properties being observedon experiment, and
predicts the new properties of systems. Using the laws of classical
or quantum mechanics, and alsothe theoryofprobability,
itestablishesqualitativelynewstatistical app- priatenesses of the
physical properties of macroscopic systems, substantiates the laws
of thermodynamics, determines the limits of their applicability,
gives the statistical interpretation of thermodynamic parameters,
and also works out methods of calculations of their means. The
Gibbs method is based on statisticalphysics.Thismethodis
themostcanonical.Therefore, inthis book, the exposition of the
Gibbs method takes an important pla
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