This book presents and discusses current research in the study of materials science. Topics discussed include constitutive models for shape memory alloys; structure and properties of a monocrystalline alloy; the shape-memory effect in antiferromagnetic alloys; micromechanical modeling of shape memory alloy composites; computer modelling of amorphous metals; novel amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials; fundamentals and technological applications of hydrogen absorbing Mg amorphous alloys and amorphous superconducting structures.