This volume is an outcome of the 12th international conference of the international bryozoology association in Dublin. It consists of 85 oral and 16 poster presentations which cover all aspects of bryozoological research.

Although separated from the modern reader by a full century, the First World War continues to generate controversy and interest as the great event upon which modern history pivoted. Not only did the war cull the European peoples of some of their best and brightest, it also led to the destruction of the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman and Russian empires, and paved the way for the Second World War. This thought-provoking book explores ten alternate scenarios in which the course of the war is changed forever. How would the war have changed had the Germans not attacked France but turned their main thrust against Russia; had the Greeks joined the allies at Gallipoli; or had the British severed the communications of the Ottoman Empire at Alexandretta? What if there was a more decisive outcome at Jutland; if the alternative plans for the Battle of the Somme in 1916 had been put into effect; or if the Americans intervened in 1915, rather 1917? Expertly written by leading military historians, this is a compelling and credible look at what might have been.

This is the first book to uniquely focus on the actions of the 2nd Battalion Leicestershire Regiment during the First World War. This new history spans the 2nd Leicesters'military operations undertaken on the Western Front 1914-1915, in Mesopotamia 1916-1917 and Palestine in 1918. The author has undertaken extensive archival research and made use of previously unpublished primary sources from public archives, artefacts kept by direct descendants and collectors of 2nd Leicesters memorabilia. This work is considerably enriched by the author's access to previously unpublished photographic archives. The extensive use of Helion's cartographer has also ensured that the maps are appropriately embedded in the text. The 2nd Leicesters fought with valour and distinction winning one Victoria Cross, handfuls of Military Crosses, and Distinguished Conduct Medals in abundance - in actions that ranged from the Western Front, Mesopotamia and Palestine. Nigel Atter's eye for detail focusses upon the actions of the Leicesters at Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, Loos - Sheikh Sa'ad, the Dujaila Redoubt and Sannaiyat - Meggido, Beirut and Tripoli.

TAKE THE HOTSEAT Assume the role of real Generals, Leaders, Soldiers and Intelligence Officers in the Allied Powers during WWI, from Lord Kitchener to the Kaiser. EXAMINE THE INTELLIGENCE Explore the key moments of the war with real contemporaneous intelligence, from 1914's July Crisis, to the Somme via Gallipoli CONSIDER THE SCENARIO & MAKE YOUR DECISION From battlefields to war cabinets, each tactical and strategic decision you make leads to a different outcome. Will you follow the path of the past - or shape a new history?

The year 1915 was one of unprecedented challenges for the British Army. Short of manpower, firepower and experience, the army needed time to adapt before it could hope to overcome the formidable German defences of the Western Front. Yet the insistent demands of coalition warfare required immediate and repeated action. The result was a year of disappointments, setbacks and costly fighting. The very difficulties of 1915 make it especially worthy of study. This book offers a fresh and insightful evaluation of the experience of the British Army through a series of thematic essays examining the strategic, operational, tactical and logistical problems that shaped the fighting. Within these pages are assessments of broad topics such as the performance of British high command, the 'Shell Scandal' and the development of the Royal Flying Corps, as well as a thorough selection of battle studies which cast new light on engagements such as Neuve Chapelle, Second Ypres, Festubert and Loos. Special attention is placed on the composite nature of the British Army, with chapters examining Canadian, Indian, Regular and Territorial unit experience. Taken as a whole these essays offer an important reassessment of a forgotten year of the war, and illustrate the tremendous difficulties faced by the British Army as it endured a bloody learning curve in difficult conditions. This book will be of great interest to anyone who studies the First World War, and of particular value to those who seek a greater understanding of the British Army of the era.

A Victorian/Edwardian Guards officer and devout Roman Catholic with, for the period, a remarkable amount of extra-regimental active service, Major-General Sir Cecil Edward Pereira KCB CMG (1869-1942) was educated at the Oratory School, Birmingham and commissioned into the Coldstream Guards in 1890. Subsequent service with the Niger Company provided the eager young subaltern with the welcome opportunity to join the MacDonald Expedition (1897-98) which ventured into the relatively unknown Ugandan interior. The result was an epic albeit almost forgotten late 19th century exploration feat. Further active service in Rhodesia, Transvaal and Cape Colony followed with the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). With the coming of the First World War Cecil successively served on the Western Front as CO 2nd Battalion Coldstream Guards (1914); GOC 85th Brigade (1915) and GOC 1st Guards Brigade (1916). Promoted GOC 2nd Infantry Division in December 1916, Cecil commanded this premier Regular Army formation in the battles of Arras; Cambrai (1917); the German Spring Offensive and Advance to Victory (1918). Appointed GOC 56th (London) Division in 1919, he remained in command of this notable Territorial formation until retirement in 1923. Great Britain under threat of invasion in summer 1940, Cecil was called upon to organise the London Local Defence Volunteers, a monumental task that would be the final service to his country. Ably edited by grandson Edward Pereira and military historians Spencer Jones and Michael LoCicero, this detailed and fascinating mid-level BEF commander's private wartime correspondence with his devoted wife Helen and numerous contemporaries both civil and military is now available for the first time to specialist and general readers alike.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!