This volume of studies by the late Milton Anastos contains his major articles published after his previous collection appeared, along with the first publication of a portion of 'The Mind of Byzantium', Anastos's projected multi-volume survey of Byzantine intellectual history. These essays deal with the theoretical foundations of Byzantine imperial autocracy, with the formulation of Byzantine theology, and with the often contentious relations between the Churches of Constantinople and Rome. The Byzantine concept of imperial absolutism is shown to have been derived from ancient Greek philosophy and to have persisted unchanged throughout Byzantine history. Other articles focus on the theology of Basil of Caesarea, which is found to be inconsistent with orthodox doctrine in important respects. Last, the relations between the Roman Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine period are surveyed, with emphasis on the theological and ecclesiological controversies that divided them.