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This important new book presents a state-of-the-art assessment of
how economic models can be used by different levels of government
to combat environmental problems. It considers policies for climate
change and transport that can be used at federal and confederal
levels of government. The authors examine the unique aspects of
environmental policy making in a multi-layered government using
empirical case studies covering Europe and the US. They consider
the causes of pollution at three levels - federal government, local
government and industries and firms. Concentrating on greenhouse
gas abatement and the transport sector, they use quantitative
techniques to compare alternative policy solutions. This
quantitative approach overcomes problems of some inconclusive
theoretical prescriptions, which often depend on combinations of
particular parameter values. In addition, this method makes it
possible to investigate the costs and benefits of a particular
solution, and the distribution effects between different groups.
This approach also provides insights into the economic consequences
of the application of local versus national or federal policies.
Climate Change, Transport and Environmental Policy provides the
necessary analysis required for environmental policy making in that
it uses a quantitative approach to balance the costs and benefits
of alternative policy options. Climate Change, Transport and
Environmental Policy is an important addition to the literature and
will be welcomed by environmental policymakers at the local,
regional, national and international level as well as scholars and
postgraduate students in environmental economics and public policy.
The complexity of a multi-layered system of government yields a
wealth of issues concerning environmental policy making. This
important book presents new original work on the problems that
arise from the existence of more than one level of government, and
discusses the responsibility of federal, state and local government
policy making.This theme of government responsibilty for
environmental regulation is expanded to consider the coordination
of environmental policy across different levels of government. This
is directly related to the question of which level of government
should bear the costs of implementing environmental policy, if
agreement can be reached between various levels of government.
Furthermore the contributors discuss whether the policy targets for
environmental quality should be uniform or regionally
differentiated. They conclude that there is a role for both a
federal government and for regional coordination in the design and
application of environmental policies. Moreover, that economic
integration through a federal system can result in better and more
efficient environmental regulation. The Economic Theory of
Environmental Policy in a Federal System will be an invaluable
resource for academics, policymakers and government officials.
This timely book deals with the problem of pricing passenger and
freight transportation within Europe. The contributors argue that
current legislation affecting pricing and regulation is
increasingly less successful in dealing with market failures and
externalities such as congestion, air pollution, noise and
accidents. Technological progress and greater European co-operation
has brought increased scope for the reform of transport policies.
Reforming Transport Pricing in the European Union includes an
economic diagnosis of the pricing problem, proposals for new
pricing and regulation structures together with a quantified
assessment of the likely impact for several European cities and
countries. The effects of traffic volume, cost, and overall
economic welfare are computed for all forms of passenger and
freight transport in urban and non-urban areas. The book analyses
various alternative policies including combinations of higher fuel
excise, alternative parking policies, cordon pricing, electronic
road pricing and emissions regulation. The research is based on a
set of formal models which facilitate the analysis and comparison
of results. The range of policies studied and the variety of
methodologies employed, will ensure that this book will be of great
benefit to European and national transport policymakers, transport
economists and transport consultants.
Climate technology becomes more and more relevant in international
environmental policy negotiations. At the Kyoto conference binding
emission reduction targets have been established for several
regions of the world. The major challenge is how to realize these
reduction goals with minimum costs without generating new
distributional and social difficulties. The book analyses the
macroeconomic structural and distributional impacts of greenhouse
gas mitigation strategies for the EU and the member states.
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