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Governments have conferred ownership titles to many citizens
throughout the world in an effort to turn things into property.
Almost all elements of nature have become the target of property
laws, from the classic preoccupation with land to more ephemeral
material, such as air and genetic resources. When Things Become
Property interrogates the mixed outcomes of conferring ownership by
examining postsocialist land and forest reforms in Albania, Romania
and Vietnam, and finds that property reforms are no longer, if they
ever were, miracle tools available to governments for refashioning
economies, politics or environments.
Governments have conferred ownership titles to many citizens
throughout the world in an effort to turn things into property.
Almost all elements of nature have become the target of property
laws, from the classic preoccupation with land to more ephemeral
material, such as air and genetic resources. When Things Become
Property interrogates the mixed outcomes of conferring ownership by
examining postsocialist land and forest reforms in Albania, Romania
and Vietnam, and finds that property reforms are no longer, if they
ever were, miracle tools available to governments for refashioning
economies, politics or environments.
The fall of the Soviet Union was a transformative event for the
national political economies of Eastern Europe, leading not only to
new regimes of ownership and development but to dramatic changes in
the natural world itself. This painstakingly researched volume
focuses on the emblematic case of postsocialist Romania, in which
the transition from collectivization to privatization profoundly
reshaped the nation's forests, farmlands, and rivers. From
bureaucrats abetting illegal deforestation to peasants opposing
government agricultural policies, it reveals the social and
political mechanisms by which neoliberalism was introduced into the
Romanian landscape.
The fall of the Soviet Union was a transformative event for the
national political economies of Eastern Europe, leading not only to
new regimes of ownership and development but to dramatic changes in
the natural world itself. This painstakingly researched volume
focuses on the emblematic case of postsocialist Romania, in which
the transition from collectivization to privatization profoundly
reshaped the nation's forests, farmlands, and rivers. From
bureaucrats abetting illegal deforestation to peasants opposing
government agricultural policies, it reveals the social and
political mechanisms by which neoliberalism was introduced into the
Romanian landscape.
The rise of industrial capitalism in the 19th century forged a new
ecological order in North American and Western European states,
radically transforming the environment through science and
technology in the name of human progress. Far less known are the
dramatic environmental changes experienced by Eastern Europe, in
many ways a terra incognita for environmental historians and
anthropologists. A New Ecological Order explores, from a historical
and ethnographic perspective, the role of state planners,
bureaucrats, and experts face=Calibri>- engineers, agricultural
engineers, geographers, biologists, foresters, and architects
face=Calibri>- as agents of change in the natural world of
Eastern Europe from 1870 to the early 21st century. Contributors
consider territories engulfed by empires, from the Habsburg to the
Ottoman to tsarist Russia; territories belonging to disintegrating
empires; and countries in the Balkan Peninsula, Central and Eastern
Europe, and Eurasia. Together, they follow a rhetoric of
'correcting nature', a desire to exploit the natural environment
and put its resources to work for the sake of developing the
economies and infrastructures of modern states. They reveal an
eagerness among newly established nation-states, after centuries of
imperial economic and political impositions, to import scientific
knowledge and new technologies from Western Europe that would aid
in their economic development, and how those imports and ideas
about nature ultimately shaped local projects and policies.
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