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In today's world, we can point to many international disputes and
interstate conflicts fueled by past events. Historical resentments
or memories of past suffering or fame are often used to justify
political, economic and even territorial demands. Inter-state
disputes and historical conflicts should be understood as evidence
of political and social tensions related to active, serious
differences in the assessment of the common past. The book explains
the role of such conflicts in international relations and suggests
ways of classifying them. It presents examples of the
internationally relevant instrumentalisation of history from
different regions of the world and outlines ways of overcoming
them.
Nation states and minorities resort more and more to violence when
safeguarding their political interests. Although the violence in
the Middle East has been dominating world politics for some time
now, European governments have had their share of ethnic violence
to contend with as this volume demonstrates. And as the case
studies show, ranging as they do from the Basque Country to
Chechnya, from Northern Ireland to Bosnia-Herzegovina, this applies
to western Europe as much as to eastern Europe. However, in
contrast to other parts of the world, instances where political
struggles for power and social inclusion between minorities and
majorities lead to full-fledged inter-ethnic warfare are still the
exception; in the majority of cases conflicts are successfully
de-escalated and even resolved. In a comprehensive conclusion, the
volume offers a theoretical framework for the development of
strategies to deal with violent ethnic conflict.
This book centers on the Report of the International Commission to
Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, published
in Washington in the early summer of 1914 by the Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace. The volume was born from the conviction
that the full assessment of the significance of the Carnegie
Report-one of the first international non-governmental fact-finding
missions with the intention to promote peace-requires a deeper
exploration of the context of its birth. The authors examine how
the countries involved in the wars handled the inquires of the
Carnegie Commission and the role of the report in the remembrance
of the wars in the respective states. Although the report
considered both the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan nation-states
insufficiently civilized to wage wars within the limits of the
codes of conduct of international law, this orientalist conclusion
can in part be explained by the liberal internationalist strategy
of the Carnegie Endowment, and of the commission members'
professional, political, and ethnic background. Overshadowed by the
outbreak of World War I, the Carnegie Report's direct impact on
international arbitration or international criminal law was
limited, yet-in the authors' opinion-it ultimately contributed to
the further juridification of international relations
Nation states and minorities resort more and more to violence when
safeguarding their political interests. Although the violence in
the Middle East has been dominating world politics for some time
now, European governments have had their share of ethnic violence
to contend with as this volume demonstrates. And as the case
studies show, ranging as they do from the Basque Country to
Chechnya, from Northern Ireland to Bosnia-Herzegovina, this applies
to western Europe as much as to eastern Europe. However, in
contrast to other parts of the world, instances where political
struggles for power and social inclusion between minorities and
majorities lead to full-fledged inter-ethnic warfare are still the
exception; in the majority of cases conflicts are successfully
de-escalated and even resolved. In a comprehensive conclusion, the
volume offers a theoretical framework for the development of
strategies to deal with violent ethnic conflict.
Remembering Communism examines the formation and transformation of
the memory of communism in the post-communist period. The majority
of the articles focus on memory practices in the post-Stalinist era
in Bulgaria and Romania, with occasional references to the cases of
Poland and the GDR. Based on an interdisciplinary approach,
including history, anthropology, cultural studies and sociology,
the volume examines the mechanisms and processes that influence,
determine and mint the private and public memory of communism in
the post-1989 era. The common denominator to all essays is the
emphasis on the process of remembering in the present, and the
modalities by means of which the present perspective shapes
processes of remembering, including practices of commemoration and
representation of the past. The volume deals with eight major
thematic blocks revisiting specific practices in communism such as
popular culture and everyday life, childhood, labor, the secret
police, and the perception of "the system".
Die Autorin untersucht Erinnerungsprozesse im Vorfeld der
Konflikteskalation im Prigorodnyj Rajon (Nordossetien). Geschichte
und Erinnerung sind in den meisten Gesellschaften umkampft: sie
werden zu Konfliktgegenstanden und sie dienen Konfliktakteuren als
Argumente fur ihre jeweiligen Positionen. Das Buch verbindet
Konzepte der Erinnerungsforschung mit Ansatzen der Friedens- und
Konfliktforschung. Eine Diskursanalyse von rund 600
Zeitungsartikeln verdeutlicht, wo und wie Vergangenheitsbezuge im
Mobilisierungsprozess zum Tragen kamen. Narrative Interviews machen
die Perspektive der im Konflikt mobilisierten Bevoelkerung
sichtbar. Dabei zeigt sich, dass familiale Erinnerung bei
gleichzeitiger Verschrankung von Information und Emotion die
Wahrnehmung oeffentlich vermittelter Erinnerungen entscheidend
beeinflusst.
Frankfurt/M., Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien. This
volume relates to a comparative research of historical developments
and structures in North Central Europe, which is directed to the
exploration of an early medieval design of this historical region
beyond the Roman Empire's culture frontier. One point of the
editorial concern thus was building bridges to overcome long
existing dividing lines built up by divergent perspectives of
previous scientific traditions. In addition, the recent come back
of national histories and historiographies call for a scrutiny on
the suitability of postulated ethnicities for the postsocialist
nation building process. As a result, the collected papers -
presented partly in English, partly in German - have a critical
look into various influences, responsible for the realization of
images of the past as of scientific strategies. Contents: Jerzy
Gassowski: Is Ethnicity Tangible? - Sebastian Brather: Die
Projektion des Nationalstaats in die Fruhgeschichte. Ethnische
Interpretationen in der Archaologie - Przemyslaw Urbanczyk: Do We
Need Archaeology of Ethnicity? - Klavs Randsborg: The Making of
Early Scandinavian History. Material Impressions - George
Indruszewski: Early Medieval Ships as Ethnic Symbols and the
Construction of a Historical Paradigm in Northern and Central
Europe - Volker Schmidt: Die Prillwitzer Idole. Rethra und die
Anfange der Forschung im Land Stargard - Babette Ludowici:
Magdeburg als Hauptort des ottonischen Imperiums. Bemerkungen zum
Beitrag von Archaologie und Kunstgeschichte zur Konstruktion eines
Geschichtsbildes - Arne Schmid-Hecklau: Deutsche Forschungen zur
'Reichsburg' Meien. Ein Uberblick - Stine Wiell:
Derdanisch-deutsche Streit um die groen Moorwaffenfunde aus der
Eisenzeit. Ansichten zur Vor und Fruhgeschichte aus dem 19. und 20.
Jahrhundert - Christian Lubke: Barbaren, Leibeigene, Kolonisten:
Zum Bild der mittelalterlichen Slaven in der deutschen
Geschichtswissenschaft - Matthias Hardt: 'Schmutz und trages
Hinbruten bei allen'? Beispiele fur den Blick der alteren deutschen
Forschung auf slawische landlich-agrarische Siedlungen des
Mittelalters - Elaine Smollin: The Aesthetics and Ethics of
Archaeology: Lithuania 1900-1918: The Intersection of Baltic,
German and Slavic Cultures - Derek Fewster: Visionen nationaler
Groe. Mittelalterperzeption, Ethnizitat und Nationalismus in
Finnland, 1905-1945 - Leszek Pawel Slupecki: Why Polish
Historiography has Neglected the Role of Pagan Slavic Mythology -
Dittmar Schorkowitz: Rekonstruktionen des Nationalen im
postsowjetischen Raum. Beobachtungen zur Permanenz des
Historischen.
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