The first comprehensive and authoritative history of work and labour in Africa; a key text for all working on African Studies and Labour History worldwide. Co-published with the International Labour Organization on the centenary of its founding in 1919, the General Labour History of Africa is a landmark in the study of labour history. It brings, for the first time, an African perspective within a global context to the study of labour and labour relations. The volume analyses key developments in the 20th century, such as the emergence of free wage labour; the transformation in labour relations; the role of capital and employers; labour agency and movements; the growing diversity of formal and informal or precarious labour; the meaning of work; and the impact of gender and age on the workplace. The contributors - eminent historians, anthropologists and social scientists from Africa, Europe and the United States - examine African labour in the context of labour and social issues worldwide: mobility and colonial and postcolonial migration, child and forced labour, security, the growth of entrepreneurial labour, the informal sector and self-employment, and the impact of trade unionism, welfare and state relations. The book discusses key sectors such as mining, agriculture, industry, transport, domestic work, and sport, tourism and entertainment, as well as the international dimension and the history and impact of the International Labour Organization itself. This authoritative and comprehensive work will be aninvaluable resource for historians of labour, social relations and African history. In association with the ILO Regional Office for Africa Stefano Bellucci is senior researcher at the International Instituteof Social History, Amsterdam, and lecturer in African History and Economy at Leiden University, the Netherlands; Andreas Eckert is Director of the International Research Centre for Work and the Human Life Cycle in Global History and professor of African history at Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.

This edited collection is a global history of workers' organisations since 1919, the year when the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the Comintern and the International Federation of Trade Unions were formed. This historical moment represents a caesura in labour history as it epitomises the beginning of what the editors and the contributors in this book call the internationalisation of the labour question. The case studies in this centenary volume analyse the relationship between global workers' organisations and the new ideological confrontation between liberal capitalism, socialism and communism since the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. Workers' organisations, trade unions in particular, grew in importance and managed to organise internationally, forming alliances cemented by ideology and sustained by international institutional bodies or centrals. In the nascent capitalist versus communist struggle, trade unions thrived. Is it mere coincidence that today's decline of unionism coincides with the end of ideological antagonism? This book emphasises important global labour issues such as gender as well as international workers' histories from Latin America, Asia and Africa.

This edited collection is a global history of workers' organisations since 1919, the year when the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the Comintern and the International Federation of Trade Unions were formed. This historical moment represents a caesura in labour history as it epitomises the beginning of what the editors and the contributors in this book call the internationalisation of the labour question. The case studies in this centenary volume analyse the relationship between global workers' organisations and the new ideological confrontation between liberal capitalism, socialism and communism since the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. Workers' organisations, trade unions in particular, grew in importance and managed to organise internationally, forming alliances cemented by ideology and sustained by international institutional bodies or centrals. In the nascent capitalist versus communist struggle, trade unions thrived. Is it mere coincidence that today's decline of unionism coincides with the end of ideological antagonism? This book emphasises important global labour issues such as gender as well as international workers' histories from Latin America, Asia and Africa.

This book presents a systemic view of nanophenomena in terms of disordered condensed media with characteristics arising at various hierarchical levels from nanoagents/nanoparticles through multiple technological interfaces to the creation of micro- or mesostructures with essential nanodimensional effects. These properties can be seen in various schemes for the functionalization of nanocarbon systems, namely, CNTs, GNRs, GNFs, carbon-based nanoaerogels, nanofoams, and so on, where nonregularities characterize surface nanointeractions and various nanointerconnects, resulting in both predictable and unpredictable effects. Beginning with nanosensing and finishing with other forms of functionalized nanomaterials, these effects will define the prospective qualities of future consumer nanoproducts and nanodevices. This book covers all aspects of nonregular nanosystems arising from the fundamental properties of disordered nanosized media, from electronic structure, surface nanophysics, and allotropic forms of carbon such as graphene and fullerenes including defect characterization, to spintronics and 3D device principles. Nonregular Nanosystems will be of interest to students and specialists in various fields of nanotechnology and nanoscience, experts on surface nanophysics and nanochemistry, as well as managers dealing with marketing of nanoproducts and consumer behavior research.

This is the seventh volume in a series on the general topics of supersymmetry, supergravity, black objects (including black holes) and the attractor mechanism. The present volume is based on lectures held in March 2013 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati during the Breaking of supersymmetry and Ultraviolet Divergences in extended Supergravity Workshop (BUDS 2013), organized by Stefano Bellucci, with the participation of prestigious speakers including P. Aschieri, E. Bergshoeff, M. Cederwall, T. Dennen, P. Di Vecchia, S. Ferrara, R. Kallosh, A. Karlsson, M. Koehn, B. Ovrut, A. Van Proeyen, G. Ruppeiner. Special attention is devoted to discussing topics related to the cancellation of ultraviolet divergences in extended supergravity and Born-Infeld-like actions. All talks were followed by extensive discussions and subsequent reworking of the various contributions a feature which is reflected in the unique "flavor" of this volume.

This is the sixth volume in a series of books on the general topics of supersymmetry, supergravity, black holes and the attractor mechanism. The present volume is based upon lectures held in May 2011 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati School on Black Objects in Supergravity (BOSS2011), directed by Stefano Bellucci, with the participation of prestigious lecturers, including G. Lopes Cardoso, W. Chemissany, T. Ortin, J. Perz, O. Vaughan, D. Turton, L. Lusanna and S. Ferrara. All lectures were at a pedagogical, introductory level, a feature which is reflected in the specific "flavor" of this volume, which also benefited greatly from extensive discussions and related reworking of the various contributions.

This book is based upon lectures presented in the summer of 2009 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati School on Attractor Mechanism, directed by Stefano Bellucci. The symposium included such prestigious lecturers as S. Ferrara, G. Dall'Agata, J.F. Morales, J. Simon and M. Trigiante. All lectures were given at a pedagogical, introductory level, which is reflected in the specific "flavor" of this volume. The book also benefits from extensive discussions about, and the related reworking of, the various contributions. It is the fifth volume in a series of books on the general topics of supersymmetry, supergravity, black holes and the attractor mechanism.

This is the first volume in a series of books on the general theme of Supersymmetric Mechanics; the series is based on lectures and discussions held in 2005 and 2006 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. This volume supplies a pedagogical introduction, at the non-expert level, to the attractor mechanism in space-time singularities. After a qualitative overview, explicit examples realizing the attractor mechanism are treated at length.

This is the seventh volume in a series on the general topics of supersymmetry, supergravity, black objects (including black holes) and the attractor mechanism. The present volume is based on lectures held in March 2013 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati during the Breaking of supersymmetry and Ultraviolet Divergences in extended Supergravity Workshop (BUDS 2013), organized by Stefano Bellucci, with the participation of prestigious speakers including P. Aschieri, E. Bergshoeff, M. Cederwall, T. Dennen, P. Di Vecchia, S. Ferrara, R. Kallosh, A. Karlsson, M. Koehn, B. Ovrut, A. Van Proeyen, G. Ruppeiner. Special attention is devoted to discussing topics related to the cancellation of ultraviolet divergences in extended supergravity and Born-Infeld-like actions. All talks were followed by extensive discussions and subsequent reworking of the various contributions a feature which is reflected in the unique "flavor" of this volume.

This is the third volume in a series of books on selected topics in Nanoscale Science and Technology based on lectures given at the well-known Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) schools of the same name. The present set of notes stems in particular from the participation and dedication of prestigious lecturers, such as Nunzio Motta, Fulvia Patella, Alexandr Toropov, and Anna Sgarlata. All lectures have been carefully edited and reworked, taking into account extensive follow-up discussions. A tutorial lecture by Motta et al. presents the analysis of the Poly(3-hexylthiophene) self assembly on carbon nanotubes and discusses how the interaction between the two materials forms a new hybrid nanostructure, with potential application to future solar cells technology. In their contribution, Patella et al. review quantum dots of III-V compounds, which offer appealing perspectives for more sophisticated applications in new generation devices such as single-photon emitters for nano-photonics and quantum computing. Focusing on self-assembled quantum dots, the chapter by Alexandr Toropov et al. provides a comprehensive review of some important aspects in the formation of quantum dots and presents the results of the authors' extensive investigation of the features of droplet epitaxy. The fourth contribution, by Sgarlata et al., focuses on recent progress toward controlled growth of self-assembled nanostructures, dealing with the shaping, ordering and localization in Ge/Si heteroepitaxy and reviewing recent results on the self-organization of Ge nanostructures at Si surfaces.

This is the sixth volume in a series of books on the general topics of supersymmetry, supergravity, black holes and the attractor mechanism. The present volume is based upon lectures held in May 2011 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati School on Black Objects in Supergravity (BOSS2011), directed by Stefano Bellucci, with the participation of prestigious lecturers, including G. Lopes Cardoso, W. Chemissany, T. Ortin, J. Perz, O. Vaughan, D. Turton, L. Lusanna and S. Ferrara. All lectures were at a pedagogical, introductory level, a feature which is reflected in the specific "flavor" of this volume, which also benefited greatly from extensive discussions and related reworking of the various contributions.

This is the second volume in a series of books on selected topics in Nanoscale Science and Technology based on lectures given at the well-known INFN schools of the same name. The aim of this collection is to provide a reference corpus of suitable, introductory material to relevant subfields, as they mature over time, by gathering the significantly expanded and edited versions of tutorial lectures, given over the years by internationally known experts. The present set of notes stems in particular from the participation and dedication of prestigious lecturers, such as Andrzej Huczko, Nicola Pugno, Alexander Malesevic, Pasquale Onorato and Stefano Bellucci. All lectures were subsequently carefully edited and reworked, taking into account the extensive follow-up discussions. A tutorial lecture by Huczko et al. shows how a variety of carbon and ceramic nanostructures (nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibres, nanorods, and nanoencapsulates) have in particular great potential for improving our understanding of the fundamental concepts of the roles of both dimensionality and size on physical material properties . Bellucci and Onorato provide an extensive and tutorial review of the (quantum) transport properties in carbon nanotubes, encompassing a description of the electronic structure from graphene to single-wall nanotubes, as well as a discussion of experimental evidence of superconductivity in carbon nanotubes and the corresponding theoretical interpretation. In the first contribution by Pugno, new ideas on how to design futuristic self-cleaning, super-adhesive and releasable hierarchical smart materials are presented. He also reviews the mechanical strength of such nanotubes and megacables, with an eye to the visionary project of a carbon nanotube-based 'space elevator megacable'. In his second contribution, Pugno outlines in detail the role on the fracture strength of thermodynamically unavoidable atomistic defects with different size and shape, both numerically and theoretically, for nanotubes and nanotube bundles. Focusing on graphitic allotropes, the chapter by Bellucci and Malesevic aims to give a taste of the widespread implications carbon nanostructures have on research and applications, starting from an historical overview, followed by a discussion of the structure and physical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene, in particular in the context of the several different synthesis techniques presently available.

This book is based upon lectures presented in the summer of 2009 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati School on Attractor Mechanism, directed by Stefano Bellucci. The symposium included such prestigious lecturers as S. Ferrara, G. Dall'Agata, J.F. Morales, J. Simon and M. Trigiante. All lectures were given at a pedagogical, introductory level, which is reflected in the specific "flavor" of this volume. The book also benefits from extensive discussions about, and the related reworking of, the various contributions. It is the fifth volume in a series of books on the general topics of supersymmetry, supergravity, black holes and the attractor mechanism.

This book is a short introduction to power system planning and operation using advanced geometrical methods. The approach is based on well-known insights and techniques developed in theoretical physics in the context of Riemannian manifolds.
The proof of principle and robustness of this approach is examined in the context of the IEEE 5 bus system.
This work addresses applied mathematicians, theoretical physicists and power engineers interested in novel mathematical approaches to power network theory.

This book is based upon the lectures delivered from 18 to 22 June 2007 at the INFN-LaboratoriNazionali di Frascati School on Attractor Mechanism, directed by Stefano Bellucci, with the participation of prestigious lecturers, including S. Ferrara, M. Gnaydin, P. Levay, T. Mohaupt, and A. Zichichi. All lectures were given at a pedagogical, introductory level, a feature which is re?ected in the s- ci?c "?avor" of this volume, which has also bene?ted much from the extensive discussions and related reworking of the various contributions. This is the fourth volume in a series of books on the general topics of sup- symmetry, supergravity, black holes, and the attractor mechanism. Indeed, based on previous meetings, three volumes have already been published: BELLUCCI S. (2006). Supersymmetric Mechanics - Vol. 1: Supersymmetry, NoncommutativityandMatrixModels.(vol.698, pp.1-229).ISBN:3-540-33313-4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag (Germany). Springer Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 698. BELLUCCIS., S.FERRARA, A.MARRANI.(2006).SupersymmetricMech- ics - Vol. 2: The Attractor Mechanism and Space Time Singularities. (vol. 701, pp. 1-242). ISBN-13: 9783540341567. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag (G- many). Springer Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 701. BELLUCCIS.(2008).SupersymmetricMechanics-Vol.3: AttractorsandBlack HolesinSupersymmetricGravity.(vol.755, pp.1-373).ISBN-13:9783540795223. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag (Germany). Springer Lecture Notes in Physics 755. In this volume, we have included two contributions originating from short p- sentations of recent original results given by participants, i.e., Wei Li and Filipe Moura.

This is the second volume in a series of books on selected topics in Nanoscale Science and Technology based on lectures given at the well-known INFN schools of the same name. The aim of this collection is to provide a reference corpus of suitable, introductory material to relevant subfields, as they mature over time, by gathering the significantly expanded and edited versions of tutorial lectures, given over the years by internationally known experts. The present set of notes stems in particular from the participation and dedication of prestigious lecturers, such as Andrzej Huczko, Nicola Pugno, Alexander Malesevic, Pasquale Onorato and Stefano Bellucci. All lectures were subsequently carefully edited and reworked, taking into account the extensive follow-up discussions. A tutorial lecture by Huczko et al. shows how a variety of carbon and ceramic nanostructures (nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibres, nanorods, and nanoencapsulates) have in particular great potential for improving our understanding of the fundamental concepts of the roles of both dimensionality and size on physical material properties . Bellucci and Onorato provide an extensive and tutorial review of the (quantum) transport properties in carbon nanotubes, encompassing a description of the electronic structure from graphene to single-wall nanotubes, as well as a discussion of experimental evidence of superconductivity in carbon nanotubes and the corresponding theoretical interpretation. In the first contribution by Pugno, new ideas on how to design futuristic self-cleaning, super-adhesive and releasable hierarchical smart materials are presented. He also reviews the mechanical strength of such nanotubes and megacables, with an eye to the visionary project of a carbon nanotube-based 'space elevator megacable'. In his second contribution, Pugno outlines in detail the role on the fracture strength of thermodynamically unavoidable atomistic defects with different size and shape, both numerically and theoretically, for nanotubes and nanotube bundles. Focusing on graphitic allotropes, the chapter by Bellucci and Malesevic aims to give a taste of the widespread implications carbon nanostructures have on research and applications, starting from an historical overview, followed by a discussion of the structure and physical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene, in particular in the context of the several different synthesis techniques presently available.

This is the first volume in a series of books on the general theme of Supersymmetric Mechanics; the series is based on lectures and discussions held in 2005 and 2006 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. The selected topics include supersymmetry and supergravity, the attractor mechanism, black holes, fluxes, noncommutative mechanics, super-Hamiltonian formalism and matrix models. Incorporates in extensive write-ups the results of animated discussion sessions which followed the individual lectures.

This is the third volume in a series of books on the general topics of Supers- metric Mechanics, with the ?rst and second volumes being published as Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 698, Supersymmetric Mechanics - Vol. 1: Supersymmetry, Noncommutativity and Matrix Models (ISBN: 3-540-33313-4), and Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 701, Supersymmetric Mechanics - Vol. 2: The Attractor Mechanism and Space Time Singularities (ISBN: 3-540-34156-0). The aim of this ongoing collection is to provide a reference corpus of suitable, introductory material to the ?eld, by gathering the signi?cantly expanded and edited versions of all tutorial lectures, given over the years at the well-established annual INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Winter School on the Attractor Mechanism, directed by myself. The present set of notes results again from the participation and dedication of prestigious lecturers, such as Iosif Bena, Sergio Ferrara, Renata Kallosh, Per Kraus, Finn Larsen, and Boris Pioline. As usual, the lectures were subsequently carefully edited and reworked, taking into account the extensive follow-up discussions. The present volume emphasizes topics of great recent interest, namely general concepts of attractors in supersymmetric gravity and black holes.

This book is based upon the lectures delivered from 18 to 22 June 2007 at the INFN-LaboratoriNazionali di Frascati School on Attractor Mechanism, directed by Stefano Bellucci, with the participation of prestigious lecturers, including S. Ferrara, M. Gnaydin, P. Levay, T. Mohaupt, and A. Zichichi. All lectures were given at a pedagogical, introductory level, a feature which is re?ected in the s- ci?c "?avor" of this volume, which has also bene?ted much from the extensive discussions and related reworking of the various contributions. This is the fourth volume in a series of books on the general topics of sup- symmetry, supergravity, black holes, and the attractor mechanism. Indeed, based on previous meetings, three volumes have already been published: BELLUCCI S. (2006). Supersymmetric Mechanics - Vol. 1: Supersymmetry, NoncommutativityandMatrixModels.(vol.698, pp.1-229).ISBN:3-540-33313-4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag (Germany). Springer Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 698. BELLUCCIS., S.FERRARA, A.MARRANI.(2006).SupersymmetricMech- ics - Vol. 2: The Attractor Mechanism and Space Time Singularities. (vol. 701, pp. 1-242). ISBN-13: 9783540341567. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag (G- many). Springer Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 701. BELLUCCIS.(2008).SupersymmetricMechanics-Vol.3: AttractorsandBlack HolesinSupersymmetricGravity.(vol.755, pp.1-373).ISBN-13:9783540795223. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag (Germany). Springer Lecture Notes in Physics 755. In this volume, we have included two contributions originating from short p- sentations of recent original results given by participants, i.e., Wei Li and Filipe Moura.

This is the third volume in a series of books on the general topics of Supers- metric Mechanics, with the ?rst and second volumes being published as Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 698, Supersymmetric Mechanics - Vol. 1: Supersymmetry, Noncommutativity and Matrix Models (ISBN: 3-540-33313-4), and Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 701, Supersymmetric Mechanics - Vol. 2: The Attractor Mechanism and Space Time Singularities (ISBN: 3-540-34156-0). The aim of this ongoing collection is to provide a reference corpus of suitable, introductory material to the ?eld, by gathering the signi?cantly expanded and edited versions of all tutorial lectures, given over the years at the well-established annual INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Winter School on the Attractor Mechanism, directed by myself. The present set of notes results again from the participation and dedication of prestigious lecturers, such as Iosif Bena, Sergio Ferrara, Renata Kallosh, Per Kraus, Finn Larsen, and Boris Pioline. As usual, the lectures were subsequently carefully edited and reworked, taking into account the extensive follow-up discussions. The present volume emphasizes topics of great recent interest, namely general concepts of attractors in supersymmetric gravity and black holes.

This is the first volume in a series of books on the general theme of Supersymmetric Mechanics; the series is based on lectures and discussions held in 2005 and 2006 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. This volume supplies a pedagogical introduction, at the non-expert level, to the attractor mechanism in space-time singularities. After a qualitative overview, explicit examples realizing the attractor mechanism are treated at length.

This is the first volume in a series of books on the general theme of Supersymmetric Mechanics; the series is based on lectures and discussions held in 2005 and 2006 at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. The selected topics include supersymmetry and supergravity, the attractor mechanism, black holes, fluxes, noncommutative mechanics, super-Hamiltonian formalism and matrix models. Incorporates in extensive write-ups the results of animated discussion sessions which followed the individual lectures.

The first comprehensive and authoritative history of work and labour in Africa; a key text for all working on African Studies and Labour History worldwide. Co-published with the International Labour Organization on the centenary of its founding in 1919, the General Labour History of Africa is a landmark in the study of labour history. It brings, for the first time, an African perspective within a global context to the study of labour and labour relations. The volume analyses key developments in the 20th century, such as the emergence of free wage labour; the transformation in labour relations; the role of capital and employers; labour agency and movements; the growing diversity of formal and informal or precarious labour; the meaning of work; and the impact of gender and age on the workplace. The contributors - eminent historians, anthropologists and social scientists from Africa, Europe and the United States - examine African labour in the context of labour and social issues worldwide: mobility and colonial and postcolonial migration, forced labour, security, the growth of entrepreneurial labour, the informal sector and self-employment, and the impact of trade unionism, welfare and state relations. The book discusses key sectors such as mining, agriculture, industry, transport, domestic work, and sport, tourism and entertainment, as well as the international dimension and the history and impact of the International Labour Organization itself. This authoritative and comprehensive work will be an invaluableresource for historians of labour, social relations and African history. In association with the ILO Regional Office for Africa Stefano Bellucci is senior researcher at the International Institute of SocialHistory, Amsterdam, and lecturer in African History and Economy at Leiden University, the Netherlands; Andreas Eckert is Director of the International Research Centre for Work and the Human Life Cycle in Global History and professor of African history at Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.

This is the ?rst volume in a series of books on selected topics in nanoscale science and technology, based on lectures given at the well-known Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, or in short INFN) schools of the same name (Nanoscience & Nanotechnology 2006, Nanosceience & N- otechnology 2007). The aim of this collection is to provide a reference corpus of suitable, introductory material to relevant sub?elds, as they mature over time, by gathering the signi?cantly expanded and edited versions of tutorial lectures, given over the years by internationally known experts. The ?eld of nanoscience has witnessed a rapid growth in the last decade. - cently, the attention of the community of nanoscientists has been focusing more and more on technological applications. Nanotechnology is an enabling technology, with a high potential impact on virtually all ?elds of human activity (industrial, health-related, biomedical, environmental, economy, politics, etc.). Its potential yields high expectations for solutions to the main needs of society, although it issues of sustainability and compatibility need to be addressed. The ?elds of research - plication in nanoscience include aerospace, defence, national security, electronics, biology, and medicine.

This is the third volume in a series of books on selected topics in Nanoscale Science and Technology based on lectures given at the well-known Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) schools of the same name. The present set of notes stems in particular from the participation and dedication of prestigious lecturers, such as Nunzio Motta, Fulvia Patella, Alexandr Toropov, and Anna Sgarlata. All lectures have been carefully edited and reworked, taking into account extensive follow-up discussions. A tutorial lecture by Motta et al. presents the analysis of the Poly(3-hexylthiophene) self assembly on carbon nanotubes and discusses how the interaction between the two materials forms a new hybrid nanostructure, with potential application to future solar cells technology. In their contribution, Patella et al. review quantum dots of III-V compounds, which offer appealing perspectives for more sophisticated applications in new generation devices such as single-photon emitters for nano-photonics and quantum computing. Focusing on self-assembled quantum dots, the chapter by Alexandr Toropov et al. provides a comprehensive review of some important aspects in the formation of quantum dots and presents the results of the authors' extensive investigation of the features of droplet epitaxy. The fourth contribution, by Sgarlata et al., focuses on recent progress toward controlled growth of self-assembled nanostructures, dealing with the shaping, ordering and localization in Ge/Si heteroepitaxy and reviewing recent results on the self-organization of Ge nanostructures at Si surfaces.