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This book analyzes how recent welfare state transformations across
advanced democracies have shaped social and economic disparities.
The authors observe a trend from a compensatory paradigm towards
supply oriented social policy, and investigate how this phenomenon
is linked to distributional outcomes. How - and how much - have
changes in core social policy fields alleviated or strengthened
different dimensions of inequality? The authors argue that while
the market has been the major cause of increasing net inequalities,
the trend towards supply orientation in most social policy fields
has further contributed to social inequality. The authors work from
sociological and political science perspectives, examining all of
the main branches of the welfare state, from health, education and
tax policy, to labour market, pension and migration policy.
This book analyzes how recent welfare state transformations across
advanced democracies have shaped social and economic disparities.
The authors observe a trend from a compensatory paradigm towards
supply oriented social policy, and investigate how this phenomenon
is linked to distributional outcomes. How - and how much - have
changes in core social policy fields alleviated or strengthened
different dimensions of inequality? The authors argue that while
the market has been the major cause of increasing net inequalities,
the trend towards supply orientation in most social policy fields
has further contributed to social inequality. The authors work from
sociological and political science perspectives, examining all of
the main branches of the welfare state, from health, education and
tax policy, to labour market, pension and migration policy.
In this three-volume collection Leibfried and Mau have gathered
together the most vital articles about the welfare state and its
'reformation' written since the mid-1970s. Their choices and
organizing principles bring coherence and additional insight to
these articles which, together, provide a comprehensive
presentation of all the key empirical, conceptual and normative
issues. Volume I, Analytical Approaches, comprises a history of
welfare state theory, with essays on modernization, functionalism
and the industrialization thesis, neo-Marxist theories, the power
resources approach, managing and sharing risk, and polity-centred
and institutional approaches. Volume II, Varieties and
Transformations, begins with articles defining varieties of welfare
states and then proceeds with essays on welfare state retrenchment
and its roots, globalization, post-industrialism, Europeanization,
and global social policy. Volume III, Legitimation, Achievement and
Integration addresses the issues and challenges of the contemporary
welfare state: its justification, economic results and
entanglements, human public motivations and attitudes,
multiculturalism, gender,the generational contract. Welfare States:
Construction, Deconstruction, Reconstruction unites the work of
some four generations of the most pre-eminent scholars of the
welfare state in one cohesive, authoritative set of volumes.
VOM ENDE EINER AUSGRENZUNG? - ARMUT UND SOZIOLOGIE Von Stephan
Leibfried und Wolfgang Voges (in Zusammenarbeit mit Lutz Leisering)
Die wissenschaftliche Beschaftigung mit Armut ist durch zyklische
Schwankungen gekennzeichnet, die vom historischen Kontext bestimmt
werden. Als in den 80er Jahren die "neue Armut" infolge
Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit in den alten Bundeslandern oeffent- lich
aufgegriffen und in den 90er Jahren die Verarmung weiter
Bevoelkerungsgruppen in der Transformation der neuen Bundeslander
"entdeckt" wurde, bestand die Antwort weniger darin, verstarkt
sozialwissenschaftliehe Analysen zu unternehmen - was in kleinerem
Umfang gleichwohl geschah -, sondern vor allem darin, die
politische wie 1 moralische SkandaIisierung zu intensivieren. In
England wie in den USA2 hat sich eine andere Forschungstradition
herausge- bildet, die durch eine breite, kontinuierliche und
fundierte Beschaftigung in den So- zialwissenschaften - unterstutzt
von der Geschichtswis nschaft - mit Armut und 3 Sozialpolitik
gekennzeichnet ist. Peter Townsends "Poverty in the United Kingdom"
(1979) oder William Julius Wilsons "The Truly Disadvantaged: The
Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy" (1987) gelten dort
als "Klassiker" - als Studien, die wissenschaftliche Standards
setzten und auch ausserhalb der Soziologie ein breites Publikum
fanden, als Untersuchungen, die nachhaltige Diskussionen und
vielfaltige Forschungsinitiativen ausloesten. Eine vergleichbare
sozialwissenschaftliche Studie sucht man in Deutschland nach dem
Zweiten Weltkrieg vergebens.
The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State is the authoritative and
definitive guide to the contemporary welfare state. In a volume
consisting of nearly fifty newly-written chapters, a broad range of
the world's leading scholars offer a comprehensive account of
everything one needs to know about the modern welfare state. The
Handbook is divided into eight sections. It opens with three
chapters that evaluate the philosophical case for (and against) the
welfare state. Surveys of the welfare state's history and of the
approaches taken to its study are followed by four extended
sections, running to some thirty-five chapters in all, which offer
a comprehensive and in-depth survey of our current state of
knowledge across the whole range of issues that the welfare state
embraces. The first of these sections looks at inputs and actors
(including the roles of parties, unions, and employers), the impact
of gender and religion, patterns of migration and a changing public
opinion, the role of international organisations and the impact of
globalization. The next two sections cover policy inputs (in areas
such as pensions, health care, disability, care of the elderly,
unemployment, and labour market activation) and their outcomes (in
terms of inequality and poverty, macroeconomic performance, and
retrenchment). The seventh section consists of seven chapters which
survey welfare state experience around the globe (and not just
within the OECD). Two final chapters consider questions about the
global future of the welfare state.
The individual chapters of the Handbook are written in an informed
but accessible way by leading researchers in their respective
fields giving the reader an excellent and truly up-to-date
knowledge of the area under discussion. Taken together, they
constitute a comprehensive compendium of all that is best in
contemporary welfare state research and a unique guide to what is
happening now in this most crucial and contested area of social and
political development.
This Handbook offers a comprehensive treatment of transformations
of the state, from its origins in different parts of the world and
different time periods to its transformations since World War II in
the advanced industrial countries, the post-Communist world, and
the Global South. Leading experts in their fields, from Europe and
North America, discuss conceptualizations and theories of the state
and the transformations of the state in its engagement with a
changing international environment as well as with changing
domestic economic, social, and political challenges. The Handbook
covers different types of states in the Global South (from failed
to predatory, rentier and developmental), in different kinds of
advanced industrial political economies (corporatist, statist,
liberal, import substitution industrialization), and in various
post-Communist countries (Russia, China, successor states to the
USSR, and Eastern Europe). It also addresses crucial challenges in
different areas of state intervention, from security to financial
regulation, migration, welfare states, democratization and quality
of democracy, ethno-nationalism, and human development. The volume
makes a compelling case that far from losing its relevance in the
face of globalization, the state remains a key actor in all areas
of social and economic life, changing its areas of intervention,
its modes of operation, and its structures in adaption to new
international and domestic challenges.
This Handbook offers a comprehensive treatment of transformations
of the state, from its origins in different parts of the world and
different time periods to its transformations since World War II in
the advanced industrial countries, the post-Communist world, and
the Global South. Leading experts in their fields, from Europe and
North America, discuss conceptualizations and theories of the state
and the transformations of the state in its engagement with a
changing international environment as well as with changing
domestic economic, social, and political challenges. The Handbook
covers different types of states in the Global South (from failed
to predatory, rentier and developmental), in different kinds of
advanced industrial political economies (corporatist, statist,
liberal, import substitution industrialization), and in various
post-Communist countries (Russia, China, successor states to the
USSR, and Eastern Europe). It also addresses crucial challenges in
different areas of state intervention, from security to financial
regulation, migration, welfare states, democratization and quality
of democracy, ethno-nationalism, and human development. The volume
makes a compelling case that far from losing its relevance in the
face of globalization, the state remains a key actor in all areas
of social and economic life, changing its areas of intervention,
its modes of operation, and its structures in adaption to new
international and domestic challenges.
Transformations of the Welfare State gives a new twist to the
longstanding debate on the impact of economic globalization on the
welfare state. The authors focus on several small, advanced OECD
economies in order to assess whether (and how) the welfare state
will be able to compete under conditions of an increasingly
integrated world economy.
Small states can be seen as an 'early warning system' for general
trends, because of their dependence on world markets and
vulnerability to competitive pressures. The book's theoretical part
innovatively integrates the literature on the political economy of
small states with more recent research on the impact of
globalization on social policy to generate a set of ideal-typical
policy scenarios. In the main body of the book, the authors
systematically test these scenarios against the experience of four
countries: Austria, Denmark, New Zealand, and Switzerland.
The comparative, in-depth analysis of reform trajectories since the
1970s in four key policy areas; pensions, labor market policy,
health care, and family policy provides, according to the authors,
substantial evidence of a new convergence in welfare state
patterns. They go on to argue that this amounts to a fundamental
transformation of the welfare state from the old Keynesian welfare
state positioned 'against the market' to a new set of supply-side
policies 'with' and 'for' the market. Yet one of the big lessons to
be learned from this timely study is that the transformation does
not match the doomsday scenario predicted by neo-classical
economists in the 1990s. There is no evidence of a 'race to the
bottom' of social expenditure and standards of social protection,
nor of a convergence towards a 'liberal' social policy model.
Looking to the possible future of the welfare state in an era newly
marked by profound uncertainty, the authors sound an optimistic
note for states of any size.
The influence of the state on human lives is more comprehensive and
sustained than that of any other organizational construct. It
steers the economy, fights crime, provides education, sustains
democracy, enters wars, guarantees social welfare, collects taxes,
and deploys some forty percent of the gross national product.
Transformations of the State? defines the multi-faceted modern
state in four intersecting dimensions: resources, or control of the
use of force and revenues; law, or jurisdiction and the courts;
legitimacy, or the acceptance of political rule by the populace;
and welfare, or the facilitation of economic growth and social
equality. The twentieth-century nation-state blended those
dimensions and turned the post-WWII era into the golden age of the
state. What has become of that state and its functions and what is
its future? Political scientists, lawyers, economists and
sociologists have examined a sample of OECD nation-states in the
search for answers to these questions.
In this unique and provocative contribution to the literatures of
political science and social policy, ten leading experts question
prevailing views that federalism always inhibits the growth of
social solidarity. Their comparative study of the evolution of
political institutions and welfare states in the six oldest federal
states - Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, the US -
reveals that federalism can facilitate and impede social policy
development. Development is contingent on several time-dependent
factors, including degree of democratization, type of federalism,
and the stage of welfare state development and early distribution
of social policy responsibility. The reciprocal nature of the
federalism-social policy relationship also becomes apparent: the
authors identify a set of important bypass structures within
federal systems that have resulted from welfare state growth. In an
era of retrenchment and unravelling unitary states, this study
suggests that federalism may actually protect the welfare state,
and welfare states may enhance national integration.
In this unique and provocative contribution to the literatures of
political science and social policy, ten leading experts question
prevailing views that federalism always inhibits the growth of
social solidarity. Their comparative study of the evolution of
political institutions and welfare states in the six oldest federal
states - Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, the US -
reveals that federalism can facilitate and impede social policy
development. Development is contingent on several time-dependent
factors, including degree of democratization, type of federalism,
and the stage of welfare state development and early distribution
of social policy responsibility. The reciprocal nature of the
federalism-social policy relationship also becomes apparent: the
authors identify a set of important bypass structures within
federal systems that have resulted from welfare state growth. In an
era of retrenchment and unravelling unitary states, this study
suggests that federalism may actually protect the welfare state,
and welfare states may enhance national integration.
The welfare state is in hard times, according to today's consensus. The deterioration of exceptional economic performance--the basis for the "Golden Age" of welfare capitalism--seems irreversible. This has slowed down welfare state expansion and radically shifted the ground for discussion on the future of the welfare state. This volume takes stock of "the state of the welfare state". How can we build a theory of the welfare state? How did the post-World War II welfare state relate to economic development? How do welfare states change? How did the reforms of pension systems--a key welfare state sector--develop in OECD countries? How did the most developed "Nordic welfare state" fare? How viable are today's advanced welfare states in the international economy? How may we recast the European welfare states for the twenty-first century?
Time and Poverty in Western Welfare States is the English language adaptation of one of the most important contributions to welfare economics published in recent years. Professors Leibfried and Leisering offer a time-based (dynamic) analysis of the study of poverty, and suggest the need for a radical rethinking of conventional theoretical and policy approaches. Its methodology will make it of great interest to students and researchers in the social sciences, with particular importance for social policy and welfare economics.
As the European Union grows and matures, its movement toward a
single market has been the primary focus of attention. However,
other policy areas have been greatly affected by the process of
European integration. This volume deals with the development of
social policy in the EU. The authors examine the substance of
particular policies, such as industrial relations, immigration,
agriculture, and gender equality. They emphasize the distinctive
nature and dynamics of integrating policy in a " multi-tiered"
system--one in which individual member states share policymaking
responsibilities with central authorities. They also compare social
policymaking in the EU with that in Canada and the United States,
two other multi-tiered, or federal, systems. The contributors are
Jeffrey J. Anderson, Brown University; Keith G. Banting, Queen's
University; Patrick R. Ireland, University of Denver; Jane Lewis,
London School of Economics; Ilona Ostner, Gttingen University;
Martin Rhodes, University of Manchester; Elmar Rieger, University
of Mannheim; George Ross, Brandeis University; Wolfgang Streeck,
University of Wisconsin, Madison; and Margaret Weir, Brookings.
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