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Latin American experiments with pension reform began when Chile
converted its public pay-as-you-go system to a system of private
individual accounts in 1981. In the 1990s, several other countries
followed suit, inspired both by Chile's reforms and World Bank
recommendations that stressed adopting compulsory
government-mandated individual savings accounts. Following the lead
of Latin America, individual accounts were subsequently introduced
in a number of countries in both Europe and Asia. The World Bank
and governments in the region have now begun to seriously
re-evaluate these privatisations, with the most dramatic effort to
'reform the reform' coming from Chile, where President Michelle
Bachelet backed a comprehensive initiative aimed at making the
system more efficient and equitable. This volume is the first to
assess pension reforms in this new 'post-privatization' era.
Section 1 of the book begins with a discussion on demographic
trends by Nobel laureate Robert W. Fogel and is followed by
chapters on system design and their policy implications, including
chapters on demographic trends, pension system default options, and
an analysis of World Bank's policies and how they have evolved (by
three former and current World Bank experts). This section
concludes with two chapters with differing views on reform and the
role of gender (an important and understudied topic). Section 2
contains in-depth chapters on major reform efforts in the United
States, Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay and
Argentina.
In addressing the most pressing policy issues and highlighting a
broad range of country experiences, this volume provides an
unparalleled account of the lessons frompension reform in the
Americas.
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