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In Painting Imperialism and Nationalism Red, Stephen Velychenko
traces the first expressions of national, anti-colonial Marxism to
1918 and the Russian Bolshevik occupation of Ukraine. Velychenko
reviews the work of early twentieth-century Ukrainians who regarded
Russian rule over their country as colonialism. He then discusses
the rise of "national communism" in Russia and Ukraine and the
Ukrainian Marxist critique of Russian imperialism and colonialism.
The first extended analysis of Russian communist rule in Ukraine to
focus on the Ukrainian communists, their attempted anti-Bolshevik
uprising in 1919, and their exclusion from the Comintern, Painting
Imperialism and Nationalism Red re-opens a long forgotten chapter
of the early years of the Soviet Union and the relationship between
nationalism and communism. An appendix provides a valuable
selection of Ukrainian Marxist texts, all translated into English
for the first time.
Between 1917 and 1923, Ukraine experienced an anti-colonial war for
national liberation, foreign invasion, socialist revolution, and
civil war simultaneously, resulting in almost unimaginable civilian
casualties. In Life and Death in Revolutionary Ukraine Stephen
Velychenko surveys the plight of civilians, details the
socio-economic background to the political events that unfolded
during this time, and documents the country's demographic losses.
Focusing specifically on two causes of civilian death, deliberate
killing and appalling living conditions, Velychenko outlines prewar
improvements in living conditions and describes their decline after
1917. He examines governmental culpability in civilian death and
notes that while ideologies and the inability of leaders to control
subordinates were undeniably causes of violence, there were other
factors at play. Velychenko mines previously unused archival
sources to create a picture of the social conditions leading up to
and during this catastrophic period, combining this data with
stories and reports from memoirs of the period. Readers familiar
with the explosion of violence against Jews at this time will find
here a compelling framework for understanding the context of that
violence.
The contributors to this volume show that the themes of empire,
colony, and national liberation movements can be addressed in a
European continental as much as in Asian, Latin American, or
African contexts. There is a further benefit from a within-Europe
comparison: It calls into question the tendency to assume
fundamental differences between "western" and "eastern" Europe,
including the now largely abandoned distinction between a "western"
nationalism, defined as a civil nationalism, and an "eastern" one,
defined as ethnic. It also answers the question whether
intra-European comparison of this kind is possible, in a context
where post-Soviet scholarship is often invisible in Anglo-American
scholarship. As Norman Davies reminds us, low public awareness of
Europe's smaller and, in west-European minds, "more distant"
nations, underlies the persistence of false generalizations about
them, including assumptions like "that the whole of the west was
advanced while the whole of the east was backward."
Propaganda in Revolutionary Ukraine is a survey of domestic
government and party printed propaganda in revolutionary Ukraine.
It is the first account in English to study these materials using
an illustrative sample of printed texts and to assess their impact
based on secret police and agitator situation reports. The book
surveys texts published by the Central Rada, the Ukrainian State,
the Ukrainian National Republic, the Ukrainian Socialist
Revolutionary Party, the Ukrainian Social Democratic and Labour
Party, the Independentists, Ukrainian Communist Party (UCP),
Ukraine's Bolshevik Party (CPU), and anti-Bolshevik warlords. It
includes 46 reproductions and describes the infrastructure that
underlay the production and dissemination of printed text
propaganda. The author argues that in the war of words neither
Ukrainian failures nor Bolshevik success should be exaggerated.
Each side managed to sway opinion in its favour in specific places
at specific times.
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