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Essays from noted contributors trace the evolution of the
neurological patient's role, treatment, and place in the history of
medicine. Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Tourette's, multiple sclerosis,
stroke: all are neurological illnesses that create dysfunction,
distress, and disability. With their symptoms ranging from impaired
movement and paralysis to hallucinationsand dementia, neurological
patients present myriad puzzling disorders and medical challenges.
Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries countless stories
about neurological patients appeared in newspapers, books, medical
papers, and films. Often the patients were romanticized; indeed, it
was common for physicians to cast neurological patients in a grand
performance, allegedly giving audiences access to deep
philosophical insights about the meaning of life and being. Beyond
these romanticized images, however, the neurological patient was
difficult to diagnose. Experiments often approached unethical
realms, and treatment created challenges for patients, courts,
caregivers, and even for patient advocacy organizations. In this
kaleidoscopic study, the contributors illustrate how the
neurological patient was constructed in history and came to occupy
its role in Western culture. Stephen T. Casper is assistant
professor in Humanities and Social Sciences at Clarkson University.
L. Stephen Jacyna is reader in the History of Medicine and Director
of the Centre for the History of Medicine at University College
London.
The neurologists describes how Victorian physicians located in a
medical culture that privileged general knowledge over narrow
specialism came to be transformed into the specialised physicians
we now call neurologists. Relying entirely upon hitherto unseen
primary sources drawn from archives across Britain, Europe and
North America, this book analyses the emergence of neurology in the
context of the development of modern medicine in Britain. The
neurologists thus surveys the patterns of change and modernisation
that influenced British medical culture throughout the nineteenth
and twentieth centuries. In so doing, it ultimately seeks an
account of how neurological knowledge acquired such an expansive
view of human nature as to become concerned in the last decades of
the twentieth century with the human sciences, philosophy, art and
literature. -- .
How did epidemics, zoos, German exiles, methamphetamine,
disgruntled technicians, modern bureaucracy, museums, and whipping
cream shape the emergence of modern neuroscience? This history
explores the exceptionally complex scientific and medical
techniques and practices that have allowed practitioners to claim
expertise in the brain and mind sciences over the past two
centuries. Based on meticulous historical studies, essays in the
volume move from the postrevolutionary Parisian Menagerie of the
Jardin des Plantes to the political contexts of neuroscience within
the National Institute of Mental Health in the United States in the
late twentieth century. Touching on such disparate topics as the
luggage of German exiles, the role of whipping cream in industrial
food production, the emergence of neurosurgery, and the private
musings of a disgruntled medicaltechnician, the contributors to
this volume make a powerful case for concentrating scholarly
attention on seemingly marginal chapters of the history of the mind
and brain sciences. By so doing, the authors contend that it is in
the obscure, peripheral, and marginal stories of the past that we
can best see the emerging futures of the medicine and science of
the brain and the mind. Collectively these essays thus reveal that
the richness of the history of the brain and mind sciences cannot
and should not be reduced to a unitary, uncomplicated narrative of
progressive discovery. CONTRIBUTORS: Brian P. Casey, Stephen T.
Casper, Justin Garson, Delia Gavrus, Katja Guenther, L.Stephen
Jacyna, Kenton Kroker, Thomas Schlich, Max Stadler, Frank W.
Stahnisch Stephen Casper is Associate Professor of History at
Clarkson University. Delia Gavrus is Assistant Professor of the
History of Science at the University of Winnipeg.
Through the 1990s and early 2000s the strength of the United States
economy has been linked to its ability to foster large numbers of
small innovative technology companies, a few of which have grown to
dominate new industries, such as Microsoft, Genentech, or Google.
US technology clusters such as Silicon Valley have become
tremendous engines of innovation and wealth creation, and the envy
of governments around the world. Creating Silicon Valley in Europe
examines trajectories by which new technology industries emerge and
become sustainable across different types of economies. Governments
around the world have poured vast sums of money into policies
designed to foster clusters of similar start-up firms in their
economies. This book employs careful empirical studies of the
biotechnology and software industries in the United States and
several European economies, to examine the relative success of
policies aimed at cultivating the 'Silicon Valley model' of
organizing and financing companies in Europe. Influential research
associated with the 'varieties of capitalism' literature has argued
that countries with liberal market orientations, such as the United
States and the United Kingdom, can more easily design policies to
cultivate success in new technology industries compared to
countries associated with organized economies, such as Germany and
Sweden. The book's empirical findings support the view that
national institutional factors strongly condition the success of
new technology policies. However, the study also identifies
important cases in which radically innovative new technology firms
have thrived within organized economies. Through examining case of
both success and failure Creating Silicon Valley in Europe helps
identify constellations of market and governmental activities that
can lead to the emergence of sustainable clusters of new technology
firms across both organized and liberal market economies.
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