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The Conference on the Science and Technology of Thin Film
Superconductors was conceived in the early part of 1988 as a forum
for the specialist in thin film superconductivity. The conference
was held on November 14-18, 1988, in Co lorado Springs, Co lorado.
Al though many excellent superconductivity conferences had been
convened in the wake of the 1986-1987 discoveries in high
temperature superconductivity, thin film topics were often
dispersed among the sessions of a more general conference agenda.
The response to the Conference on the Science and Technology of
Thin Film Superconductors confirmed the need for an extended
conference devoted to thin film superconductors. These proceedings
are a major contribution to the technnology of thin film
superconductivity because of the breadth and quality of the
articles provided by leaders in the field. The proceedings are
divided into articles on laser deposition, sputtering, evaporation,
metal organic chemical vapor deposition, thick film, substrate
studies, characterization, patterning and applications, and general
properties. Most of the articles discuss scientific issues for high
temperature thin film superconductors, although the conference was
to be a forum for technology and scientific questions for both low
and high temperature superconductivity. For the first day of the 5
day conference, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory had organized an
excellent set of short courses in superconduc t ing thin film
devices.
Since the discovery in 1986 of high temperature superconductors by
J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Muller, a considerable progress has been
made and several important scientific problems have emerged. Within
this NATO Advanced Study Institute our intention was to focus
mainly on the controversial topic of the symmetry of the
superconducting gap and given the very short coherence length, the
role of fluctuations. The Institute on 'The Gap Symmetry and
Fluctuations in High- Superconductors' took place in the "Institut
d'Etudes Scientifiques de Cargese" in Corsica, France, between 1 -
13 September 1997. The 110 participantsfrom 18 countries (yet 30
nationalities) including 23 full time lecturers, have spent two
memorable weeks in this charming Mediterranean resort. All
lecturers were asked to prepare pedagogical papers to clearly
present the central physical idea behind specific model or
experiment. The better understanding of physics of high temperature
superconductivity is certainly needed to guide the development of
applications of these materials in high and weak current devices.
The recent discovery of high-temperature superconductivity has
resulted in a remarkable growth in the amount of research and the
number of researchers working in this exciting field.
Superconductivity is not a new phenomenon: in 1991 it will be 80
years old. Even though it was the newer discoveries which motivated
us to write this book, the book itself is mainly a description of
the fundamentals of the phenomenon. The book is written for a very
broad audience, including students, engin eers, teachers,
scientists, and others who are interested in learning about this
exciting frontier of science. We have focused on the qualitative
aspects, so that the reader can develop a basic understanding of
the fundamental physics without getting bogged down in the details.
Because of this approach, our list of refer ences is not
comprehensive, and it is supplemented with a summary of additional
reading consisting of monographs and selected review articles. (The
articles we have referenced were either not reflected in the review
articles on monographs or were milestones in the development of the
field. ) In addition, some of the sections which can be skipped
during the first reading have been marked with asterisks (*). Until
recently, superconductivity was considered to belong to the field
of low-temperature physics. This field was born, simultaneously
with quantum physics, at the beginning of this century. Initially
these two contemporaneous fields developed independently, but they
soon became strongly coupled."
Stuart Wolf This book originated as a series of lectures that were
given as part of a Summer School on Spintronics in the end of
August, 1998 at Lake Tahoe, Nevada. It has taken some time to get
these lectures in a form suitable for this book and so the process
has been an iterative one to provide current information on the
topics that are covered. There are some topics that have developed
in the intervening years and we have tried to at least alert the
readers to them in the Introduction where a rather complete set of
references is provided to the current state of the art. The field
of magnetism, once thought to be dead or dying, has seen a
remarkable rebirth in the last decade and promises to get even more
important as we enter the new millennium. This rebirth is due to
some very new insight into how the spin degree of freedom of both
electrons and nucleons can play a role in a new type of electronics
that utilizes the spin in addition to or in place of the charge.
For this new field to mature and prosper, it is important that
students and postdoctoral fellows have access to the appropriate
literature that can give them a sound basis in the funda mentals of
this new field and I hope that this book is a very good start in
this direction.
The Novel Mechanisms of Superconductivity Conference was initially
conceived in the early part of 1986 as a small, 2-1/2 day workshop
of 40-70 scientists, both theorists and experimentalists interested
in exploring the possible evidence for exotic, non phononic
superconductivity. Of course, the historic discoveries of high
temperature oxide superconductors by Bednorz and Mftller and the
subsequent enhancements by the Houston/Alabama groups made such a
small conference impractical. The conference necessarily had to
expand, 2-1/2 days became 4-1/2 days and superconductivity in the
high Tc oxides became the largest single topic in the workshop. In
fact, this conference became the first major conference on this
topic and thus, these proceedings are also the first maj or
publication. However, heavy fermion, organic and low carrier
concentration superconductors remained a very important part of
this workshop and articles by the leaders in these fields are
included in these proceedings. Ultimately the workshop hosted
rearly 400 scientists, students and media including representatives
from the maj or research groups in the U.S., Europe, Japan and the
Soviet Union.
Stuart Wolf This book originated as a series of lectures that were
given as part of a Summer School on Spintronics in the end of
August, 1998 at Lake Tahoe, Nevada. It has taken some time to get
these lectures in a form suitable for this book and so the process
has been an iterative one to provide current information on the
topics that are covered. There are some topics that have developed
in the intervening years and we have tried to at least alert the
readers to them in the Introduction where a rather complete set of
references is provided to the current state of the art. The field
of magnetism, once thought to be dead or dying, has seen a
remarkable rebirth in the last decade and promises to get even more
important as we enter the new millennium. This rebirth is due to
some very new insight into how the spin degree of freedom of both
electrons and nucleons can play a role in a new type of electronics
that utilizes the spin in addition to or in place of the charge.
For this new field to mature and prosper, it is important that
students and postdoctoral fellows have access to the appropriate
literature that can give them a sound basis in the funda mentals of
this new field and I hope that this book is a very good start in
this direction."
The recent discovery of high-temperature superconductivity has
resulted in a remarkable growth in the amount of research and the
number of researchers working in this exciting field.
Superconductivity is not a new phenomenon: in 1991 it will be 80
years old. Even though it was the newer discoveries which motivated
us to write this book, the book itself is mainly a description of
the fundamentals of the phenomenon. The book is written for a very
broad audience, including students, engin eers, teachers,
scientists, and others who are interested in learning about this
exciting frontier of science. We have focused on the qualitative
aspects, so that the reader can develop a basic understanding of
the fundamental physics without getting bogged down in the details.
Because of this approach, our list of refer ences is not
comprehensive, and it is supplemented with a summary of additional
reading consisting of monographs and selected review articles. (The
articles we have referenced were either not reflected in the review
articles on monographs or were milestones in the development of the
field. ) In addition, some of the sections which can be skipped
during the first reading have been marked with asterisks (*). Until
recently, superconductivity was considered to belong to the field
of low-temperature physics. This field was born, simultaneously
with quantum physics, at the beginning of this century. Initially
these two contemporaneous fields developed independently, but they
soon became strongly coupled."
Superconductivity has become one of the most intensely studied
physical phenomena of our times, with tremendous potential to
revolutionize fields as diverse as computing and transportation.
This book describes the methods, established results, and recent
advances in the field. The goal is to present recently developed
theoretical models in light of the long-sought aim of achieving the
effect at very high temperatures. The book includes a detailed
review of various mechanisms, including phononic, magnetic, and
electronic models. The authors focus on the phenomenon of induced
superconductivity in the high-temperature oxides, particularly the
high-transition-temperature cuprates. They also discuss a variety
of low-temperature superconducting systems in conventional
materials and organics. The book links the crucial experiments with
the most current theories, offering a unified description of the
phenomenon. All researchers (and graduate-level) students involved
with work in superconductivity will find this an invaluable
resource, including solid-state and condensed-matter physicists and
chemists, and materials scientists.
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