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Over the last two decades one of the great global emerging
technological trends has been the shift from chemistry to biology
in agriculture. Bitterly contested and enduringly controversial,
the shift to biotechnology has nevertheless led to greater
sustainability and promises even greater gains in years to come.
This Handbook is an invaluable compendium of detailed case study
and insight.' - Mark Lynas, Cornell University, US'This important
volume analyses the current state of crop biotechnology development
and regulation. It establishes a firm basis for understanding the
current level of deployment of crops modified by biotechnology and
also the uneven and often unscientific bases that have been used to
judge their merits for particular regions. This book is an
indispensable reference for anyone concerned with the development
of this vital area of agriculture.' - Peter H. Raven, Missouri
Botanical Garden, US 'With interest in biotechnology surging, this
book is a must-read for anyone who wants to learn more about the
potential that advancements in modern agriculture have to offer,
how they've already changed agriculture around the world and what s
coming down the pipeline. Agriculture is about economics, the
environment and feeding the world; so too, at the heart of it, is
biotechnology, as this book so clearly demonstrates. The authors
have years of experience with biotechnology and their expertise
shines through on each page.' - Lorne Hepworth, CropLife Canada
This book is a compendium of knowledge, experience and insight on
agriculture, biotechnology and development. Beginning with an
account of GM crop adoptions and attitudes towards them, the book
assesses numerous crucial processes, concluding with detailed
insights into GM products. Drawing on expert perspectives of
leading authors from 57 different institutions in 16 countries, it
provides a unique, global overview of agbiotech following 20 years
of adoption. Many consider GM crops the most rapid agricultural
innovation adopted in the history of agriculture. This book
provides insights as to why the adoption has occurred globally at
such a rapid rate. This is a rich and varied collection of
research, which will appeal to scholars, academics and
practitioners worldwide. An invaluable resource, this book will be
a first point of reference to anyone with an interest in agbiotech
and studies into agriculture, biotechnology and development.
Contributors: A.A. Adenle, P. Aerni, C. Alexander, J.M. Alston, V.
Beckmann, J. Bognar, C.G. Borroto, D. Brewin, G. Brookes, J.
Carpenter, Y. Carriere, D. Castle, M. Chen, P. Conceicao, B.
Dayananda, M. Demont, K. Dillen, D. Eaton, E. Einsiedel, J.
Falck-Zepeda, J. Fernandez-Cornejo, G.B. Frisvold, C.V. Gonslaves,
D. Gonsalves, M. Gouse, G. Graff, R. Gray, A. Gupta, W.O.
Hennessey, J.E. Hobbs, W.E. Huffman, L. A. Jackson, C. Juma, N.
Kalaitzandonakes, S. Kaplan, V.J. Karplus, W.A. Kerr, G.G.
Khachatourians, E.M. Kikulwe, E. Kim, D.E. Kolady, S.P. Kowalski,
J. Kruse, L. Levidow, S. Levine, K. Ludlow, X. Ma, A. Magnier, S.
Malla, I. Matuschke, J.J. McCluskey, A. McHughen, J. Medlock, D.
Miller, L. Nagarajan, A. Naseem, C. Oguamanam, M. Ouattarra, M.
Owen, R. Paarlberg, P. W. B. Phillips, M. Qaim, T. Raney, J.M.
Reeves, S.D. Rhodes, S.M.H. Rizvi, C.D. Ryan, D. Schimmelpfennig,
G.J. Scoles, G. Skogstad, S. J. Smyth, C. Soregaroli, D.J.
Spielman, A.J. Stein, J. Thomson, J. Vitale, G. Vognan, G.
Waterfield, S. Wechsler, J. Wesseler, A. Williams, W.W. Wilson,
L.L. Wolfenbarger, G. Ye, J. Yorobe Jr, D.Z. Zeng, D. Zilberman
`If only one thing could be said about this book is that it comes
at the perfect time and fills a great void on the subject it
addresses. Genetically Modified Organisms are innovative - so have
to be the answers to the legal questions raised by their
development: What should be the definition of damage? Who should be
held liable? Where should claims be brought? The Parties to the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety have been discussing these issues
for many years and are now ready to give some answers by means of a
new multilateral environmental treaty. The comprehensive analysis
and comparative data put forth by the authors contribute enormously
to the current debate and provide detailed insights into the
nuances of international liability in a manner previously
unaddressed.' - Jimena Nieto Carrasco, University of the Andes, El
Rosario University, Externado University of Colombia, BogotA!,
Colombia Innovation and Liability in Biotechnology introduces and
articulates an innovative framework, the Liability Analysis
Framework (LAF), which offers a new perspective from which
stakeholders and society can assess, manage and communicate about
liability in relation to innovation. This path-breaking book
provides a detailed description of the relationship between risk
and liability. Risk and liability are not synonymous and the fact
that, at times, the terms have been used in very close proximity
has resulted in confusion and misunderstandings. The book begins
with an overview of risk and the development of the Risk Analysis
Framework, describing how it has evolved from initial concepts to
present day form. It highlights the need for a LAF and provides a
diverse examination of the LAF as a means to stimulate further
debate. The authors conclude that risk is concerned with
hypothetical probabilities whereas liability relates to actual
marketplace externalities. Offering a new conceptualization for the
analysis of liability, this book will appeal to academics involved
in the fields of law, innovation and business, as well as federal
regulators and industry representatives. Agricultural organizations
and their lawyers who are attempting to understand the legal
liability issues involved in growing and marking transgenic crops
and their products, will also find this book of great interest.
Recent innovations in agriculture and food technologies have
brought benefits to many countries, particularly in developing
regions, but information about the extent of these has often been
sparse. This research review examines the best papers on the
subject to form a comprehensive, global perspective on the impacts
of agricultural biotechnology around the world. With an emphasis on
the economic, environmental, health and food security aspects of
agbiotech, Biotechnology, Agriculture and Development will prove to
be an invaluable resource for academics, students and researchers
alike.
Over the last two decades one of the great global emerging
technological trends has been the shift from chemistry to biology
in agriculture. Bitterly contested and enduringly controversial,
the shift to biotechnology has nevertheless led to greater
sustainability and promises even greater gains in years to come.
This Handbook is an invaluable compendium of detailed case study
and insight.' - Mark Lynas, Cornell University, US'This important
volume analyses the current state of crop biotechnology development
and regulation. It establishes a firm basis for understanding the
current level of deployment of crops modified by biotechnology and
also the uneven and often unscientific bases that have been used to
judge their merits for particular regions. This book is an
indispensable reference for anyone concerned with the development
of this vital area of agriculture.' - Peter H. Raven, Missouri
Botanical Garden, US 'With interest in biotechnology surging, this
book is a must-read for anyone who wants to learn more about the
potential that advancements in modern agriculture have to offer,
how they've already changed agriculture around the world and what s
coming down the pipeline. Agriculture is about economics, the
environment and feeding the world; so too, at the heart of it, is
biotechnology, as this book so clearly demonstrates. The authors
have years of experience with biotechnology and their expertise
shines through on each page.' - Lorne Hepworth, CropLife Canada
This book is a compendium of knowledge, experience and insight on
agriculture, biotechnology and development. Beginning with an
account of GM crop adoptions and attitudes towards them, the book
assesses numerous crucial processes, concluding with detailed
insights into GM products. Drawing on expert perspectives of
leading authors from 57 different institutions in 16 countries, it
provides a unique, global overview of agbiotech following 20 years
of adoption. Many consider GM crops the most rapid agricultural
innovation adopted in the history of agriculture. This book
provides insights as to why the adoption has occurred globally at
such a rapid rate. This is a rich and varied collection of
research, which will appeal to scholars, academics and
practitioners worldwide. An invaluable resource, this book will be
a first point of reference to anyone with an interest in agbiotech
and studies into agriculture, biotechnology and development.
Contributors: A.A. Adenle, P. Aerni, C. Alexander, J.M. Alston, V.
Beckmann, J. Bognar, C.G. Borroto, D. Brewin, G. Brookes, J.
Carpenter, Y. Carriere, D. Castle, M. Chen, P. Conceicao, B.
Dayananda, M. Demont, K. Dillen, D. Eaton, E. Einsiedel, J.
Falck-Zepeda, J. Fernandez-Cornejo, G.B. Frisvold, C.V. Gonslaves,
D. Gonsalves, M. Gouse, G. Graff, R. Gray, A. Gupta, W.O.
Hennessey, J.E. Hobbs, W.E. Huffman, L. A. Jackson, C. Juma, N.
Kalaitzandonakes, S. Kaplan, V.J. Karplus, W.A. Kerr, G.G.
Khachatourians, E.M. Kikulwe, E. Kim, D.E. Kolady, S.P. Kowalski,
J. Kruse, L. Levidow, S. Levine, K. Ludlow, X. Ma, A. Magnier, S.
Malla, I. Matuschke, J.J. McCluskey, A. McHughen, J. Medlock, D.
Miller, L. Nagarajan, A. Naseem, C. Oguamanam, M. Ouattarra, M.
Owen, R. Paarlberg, P. W. B. Phillips, M. Qaim, T. Raney, J.M.
Reeves, S.D. Rhodes, S.M.H. Rizvi, C.D. Ryan, D. Schimmelpfennig,
G.J. Scoles, G. Skogstad, S. J. Smyth, C. Soregaroli, D.J.
Spielman, A.J. Stein, J. Thomson, J. Vitale, G. Vognan, G.
Waterfield, S. Wechsler, J. Wesseler, A. Williams, W.W. Wilson,
L.L. Wolfenbarger, G. Ye, J. Yorobe Jr, D.Z. Zeng, D. Zilberman
This book discusses the regulatory and trade challenges facing the
global adoption of biotechnological products and offers strategies
for overcoming these obstacles and moving towards greater global
food security. The first section of the book establishes the
context of the conflict, discussing the challenges of global
governance, international trade, and the history of regulation of
genetically modified (GM) crops. In this section, the authors
emphasize the shift from exclusively science-based regulation to
the more socio-economically focused framework established by the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which was adopted in 2000. The
second section of the book provides a snapshot of the current state
of international GM crop adoption and regulation, highlighting the
US, Canada, and the EU. The final section of the book identifies
options for breaking the gridlock of regulation and trade that
presently exist. This book adds to the current literature by
providing new information about innovative agricultural
technologies and encouraging debate by providing an alternative to
the narratives espoused by environmental non-governmental
organizations. This book will appeal to students of economics,
political science, and policy analysis, as well as members of
regulatory agencies and agricultural industry firms.
Since their commercial introduction in 1996, genetically modified
(GM) crops have been adopted by farmers around the world at
impressive rates. In 2011, 180 million hectares of GM crops were
cultivated by more than 15 million farmers in 29 countries. In the
next decade, global adoption is expected to grow even faster as the
research pipeline for new biotech traits and crops has increased
almost fourfold in the last few years. The adoption of GM crops has
led to increased productivity, while reducing pesticide use and the
emissions of agricultural greenhouse gases, leading to broadly
distributed economic benefits across the global food supply chain.
Despite the rapid uptake of GM crops, the various social and
economic benefits as well as the expanding rate innovation, the use
of GM crops remains controversial in parts of the world. Despite
the emergence of coexistence between GM, organic and conventional
crops as a key policy and practical issue of global scale, there is
no coherent literature that addresses it directly. Governments and
market stakeholders in many countries are grappling with policy
alternatives that settle conflicting property rights, minimize
negative market externalities and associated liabilities, maximize
the economic benefits of innovation and allow producer and consumer
choice. This book intends to fill these needs with contributions
from the top theoreticians, legal and economic analysts, policy
makers and industry practitioners in the field. As the economics
and policy of coexistence start to emerge as an separate subfield
in agricultural, environmental and natural resource economics with
an increasing number of scholars working on the topic, the book
will also provide a comprehensive base in the literature for those
entering the area, making it of interest to students, scholars and
policy-makers alike.
This book discusses the regulatory and trade challenges facing the
global adoption of biotechnological products and offers strategies
for overcoming these obstacles and moving towards greater global
food security. The first section of the book establishes the
context of the conflict, discussing the challenges of global
governance, international trade, and the history of regulation of
genetically modified (GM) crops. In this section, the authors
emphasize the shift from exclusively science-based regulation to
the more socio-economically focused framework established by the
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which was adopted in 2000. The
second section of the book provides a snapshot of the current state
of international GM crop adoption and regulation, highlighting the
US, Canada, and the EU. The final section of the book identifies
options for breaking the gridlock of regulation and trade that
presently exist. This book adds to the current literature by
providing new information about innovative agricultural
technologies and encouraging debate by providing an alternative to
the narratives espoused by environmental non-governmental
organizations. This book will appeal to students of economics,
political science, and policy analysis, as well as members of
regulatory agencies and agricultural industry firms.
Since their commercial introduction in 1996, genetically modified
(GM) crops have been adopted by farmers around the world at
impressive rates. In 2011, 180 million hectares of GM crops were
cultivated by more than 15 million farmers in 29 countries. In the
next decade, global adoption is expected to grow even faster as the
research pipeline for new biotech traits and crops has increased
almost fourfold in the last few years. The adoption of GM crops has
led to increased productivity, while reducing pesticide use and the
emissions of agricultural greenhouse gases, leading to broadly
distributed economic benefits across the global food supply chain.
Despite the rapid uptake of GM crops, the various social and
economic benefits as well as the expanding rate innovation, the use
of GM crops remains controversial in parts of the world. Despite
the emergence of coexistence between GM, organic and conventional
crops as a key policy and practical issue of global scale, there is
no coherent literature that addresses it directly. Governments and
market stakeholders in many countries are grappling with policy
alternatives that settle conflicting property rights, minimize
negative market externalities and associated liabilities, maximize
the economic benefits of innovation and allow producer and consumer
choice. This book intends to fill these needs with contributions
from the top theoreticians, legal and economic analysts, policy
makers and industry practitioners in the field. As the economics
and policy of coexistence start to emerge as an separate subfield
in agricultural, environmental and natural resource economics with
an increasing number of scholars working on the topic, the book
will also provide a comprehensive base in the literature for those
entering the area, making it of interest to students, scholars and
policy-makers alike.
Within the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),
the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) was established as an
implementing agreement. The CPB is an international agreement
establishing the rights of recipient countries to be notified of
and to approve or reject the domestic import and/or production of
living modified organisms (LMOs). Decisions regarding
import/production are to be on the basis of a biosafety assessment.
Article 26.1 of the CPB allows for the (optional) inclusion of
socio-economic considerations (SECs) into that biosafety assessment
process. This book compiles expert assessments of the issues
relevant to SEC assessment of LMOs and fundamental for decisions
regarding whether to undertake such assessments at all. It includes
an overview of the inclusion of SEC assessment in the regulation of
LMOs that looks at the rationale for the inclusion of SECs, in the
context of the existing science-based risk assessment systems. This
book reviews the various factors that can and have been suggested
for inclusion in SEC assessment, and provides a meaningful dialogue
about the contrasts, benefits and tradeoffs that are, and will, be
created by the potential move to the inclusion of SECs in the
regulation of LMOs, making it of interest to both academics and
policy-makers.
Within the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),
the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) was established as an
implementing agreement. The CPB is an international agreement
establishing the rights of recipient countries to be notified of
and to approve or reject the domestic import and/or production of
living modified organisms (LMOs). Decisions regarding
import/production are to be on the basis of a biosafety assessment.
Article 26.1 of the CPB allows for the (optional) inclusion of
socio-economic considerations (SECs) into that biosafety assessment
process. This book compiles expert assessments of the issues
relevant to SEC assessment of LMOs and fundamental for decisions
regarding whether to undertake such assessments at all. It includes
an overview of the inclusion of SEC assessment in the regulation of
LMOs that looks at the rationale for the inclusion of SECs, in the
context of the existing science-based risk assessment systems. This
book reviews the various factors that can and have been suggested
for inclusion in SEC assessment, and provides a meaningful dialogue
about the contrasts, benefits and tradeoffs that are, and will, be
created by the potential move to the inclusion of SECs in the
regulation of LMOs, making it of interest to bothacademics and
policy-makers."
Biotechnological innovations in the past 30 years have raised many
questions about how we can reap the benefits of transformative
science and technology through responsible and sustainable use.
Biotechnology has the potential both for better or worse to
enhance, undercut or change as much as 40 per cent of the world's
economy, to fundamentally alter our relationship with nature and to
question our sense of self.
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