This book presents an in-depth examination of the challenges facing the port industry in reducing CO2 emissions. Through empirical studies and real-world data, it explores the energy consumption of cargo handling machinery and reefer containers, and introduces new technologies and methods for reducing emissions. With a focus on practical application, the book provides a valuable resource for port managers and stakeholders looking to implement effective climate change countermeasures. It also serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying ports and climate change.

A comprehensive analysis of the various terrestrial natural landscapes and habitats within Japan, and the efforts to sustain and conserve them and sustain landscape services. In 2011, Conservation International designated the Japanese islands collectively as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. They are rich in biodiversity, but also densely populated and so human impacts have led to many species being classed as endangered though few have become extinct during recent decades. Sugimura evaluates the effects of landscape changes, government policies and economy on the forest ecosystems and services of Japan. He then contemplates how a rich variety of wildlife species have been able to survive, albeit in limited numbers, despite the rapid expansion of Japanese economic activities in the 20th century. In addition, there appear to be correlations between uniqueness of biodiversity, types of landscape use and the attitudes of local communities towards natural landscapes. A vital introduction for international environmentalists, geographers and environmental scientists looking to understand Japan’s unique ecosystems and their experiences with human activities.

Rethinking African Agriculture argues that rural communities in Africa are still shaped by non-agrarian factors both in livelihood strategy and social formation. This volume renews and deepens the research on the African peasantry by offering a fresh perspective drawn from the hitherto largely unknown Japanese research on the subject. The ethnographic fieldwork focuses not only on the micro environment of the producers but also the broader historical context in which they live and work. The contributors argue that, in comparison with other regions of the world, Africa has never passed through an agrarian revolution that would effectively change the mode of production from within. Modernization efforts from the outside have fallen far short of the ambition to transform agriculture in Africa. Rural Africa is still largely a natural society characterized by "non-agrarian" features as evident in people’s livelihood, social organization, and farming systems. This book will be of interest to social scientists and anthropologists focusing on African development, agriculture and agrarian societies,

A comprehensive analysis of the various terrestrial natural landscapes and habitats within Japan, and the efforts to sustain and conserve them and sustain landscape services. In 2011, Conservation International designated the Japanese islands collectively as one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. They are rich in biodiversity, but also densely populated and so human impacts have led to many species being classed as endangered though few have become extinct during recent decades. Sugimura evaluates the effects of landscape changes, government policies and economy on the forest ecosystems and services of Japan. He then contemplates how a rich variety of wildlife species have been able to survive, albeit in limited numbers, despite the rapid expansion of Japanese economic activities in the 20th century. In addition, there appear to be correlations between uniqueness of biodiversity, types of landscape use and the attitudes of local communities towards natural landscapes. A vital introduction for international environmentalists, geographers and environmental scientists looking to understand Japan's unique ecosystems and their experiences with human activities.

This book aims to revise the traditional interpretation of William Golding’s fiction. The author investigates Golding’s complicated metaphors which fluctuate so widely as to make consistent readings almost impossible. The study reveals that these fluctuating metaphors are created around a void, which is depicted not only as a gap but also as an impenetrable dark spot, or a counter-gaze. The characters in Golding’s fiction endeavour to symbolise the void, but it ultimately resists symbolisation. Mainly from the perspective of semiotics, psychoanalysis, and philosophy, the book looks at the way in which the elements excluded from the symbolic system react against it and leave this void. The author then focuses on the void’s significance in the creation of unique metaphors.

This book presents recent advancements, challenges, and clinical implications of molecular biomarkers in various cancers. This book highlights the clinical applications of biomarkers are extensive for cancer risk assessment, screening and early detection of cancer, accurate diagnosis, patient prognosis, prediction of response to therapy, and cancer surveillance and monitoring response. It also explores the progress of predictive biomarkers as an adjunctive tool to tumor immunotherapy in effectively identifying the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses their future directions in achieving precision immuno-oncology. Further, the book examines the combination of next-generation sequencing and advanced computational data analysis approaches in the understanding of the genomic underpinnings of cancer development and progression. Towards the end, the chapter discusses the role of some commonly investigated phytochemicals and their epigenetic targets that are of particular interest in cancer prevention and cancer therapy. It is a must for researchers as well as advanced students and physicians in the field of cancer and clinical oncologists.

Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium of The Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund, held in Tokyo The proceedings deal with the potential relevance of ADP-ribosylation reactions in the genesis, prevention and treatment of cancer. These reactions were independently discovered in the laboratories of Paul Mandel, Osamu Hayaishi and Takashi Sugimura, all whom contribute to ADP-Ribosylation, DNA Repair and Cancer. Apart from these renowned scientists, many other outstanding researchers from the international research community have contributed chapters discussing their most recent research results.

Rethinking African Agriculture argues that rural communities in Africa are still shaped by non-agrarian factors both in livelihood strategy and social formation. This volume renews and deepens the research on the African peasantry by offering a fresh perspective drawn from the hitherto largely unknown Japanese research on the subject. The ethnographic fieldwork focuses not only on the micro environment of the producers but also the broader historical context in which they live and work. The contributors argue that, in comparison with other regions of the world, Africa has never passed through an agrarian revolution that would effectively change the mode of production from within. Modernization efforts from the outside have fallen far short of the ambition to transform agriculture in Africa. Rural Africa is still largely a natural society characterized by "non-agrarian" features as evident in people's livelihood, social organization, and farming systems. This book will be of interest to social scientists and anthropologists focusing on African development, agriculture and agrarian societies,

The problem of digestive tract tumors presents multifaceted aspects which involve epidemiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, surgery and adjuvant multidisciplinary mo dality. Time trends in cancer mortality vary in the individual cancers. Mortality from stomach cancer shows a decreasing tendency in most countries, although Japan still has the highest incidence in the world. Intestinal other than rectum and pancreatic cancers have shown an increase in most countries, while mortality due to liver cell and gallbladder cancer vary greatly by locality. Since most cancers are considered to be related to en vironmental and lifestyle exposures, such as diet, smoking or excessive drinking, there is hope that action on these factors may serve to substantially reduce occurrence of the disease. Recent progress in early diagnosis has made it feasible to detect small and minute cancers, and these have proven possible to cure with relatively favorable results. The most important advancement has come from a multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment, utilizing a balanced application of surgery, radiation therapy and chemo therapy. A considerable increase in the five-year survival rate has been realized in stomach cancer. While progress is being made in the practical treatment of this disease, it remains far better to prevent than to cure. For the first time immunization offers a unique op portunity to prevent liver cell cancer."

During the last decade a considerable body of knowledge has come into existence concerning a class of carcinogenic molecules chiefly represented by 4-nitroquinoline i-oxide. Original papers on this subject are numerous and widely scattered over many branches of science; it was felt that these papers should be reviewed and the knowledge brought together in one volume before it became too unwieldy. This we have attempted to do in this monograph. Our aim has been to include all relevant papers published to date, so that it may serve as an epitome of the present status of knowledge on this important subject. We have been fortunate in securing the cooperation of several colleagues who have contributed chapters, each dealing with one aspect of the subject. We have been doubly fortunate in that these contributors, like ourselves, were at one time or another members of the group belonging to the scientific staff of Dr. WARO NAKA HARA, Director of the National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan."

This book reveals how polymer blending and grafting now offer a growing range of new applications for advanced films and fibers. Further, it details how the processing and original physical properties of cellulosics can be improved, and demonstrates how new, cellulose-core polymeric materials offer a wide range of synergistic functionalities. Lastly, it summarizes basic characterization studies and successful fabrications of advanced films and fibers. The book is primarily intended for advanced undergraduates, academic and industrial researchers and professionals studying or using bio-based polymers.

Six early films by Japanese auteur Akira Kurosawa. The films included comprise: 'Sanshuro Sugata' (1943), 'Sanshuro Sugata No 2' (1945), 'The Most Beautiful' (1944), 'The Men Who Tread On the Tiger's Tail' (1952), 'No Regrets For Our Youth' (1946) and 'One Wonderful Sunday' (1947).

This groundbreaking book, the first to examine Milton's thinking about matter and substance throughout his entire poetic career, seeks to alter the prevailing critical view that Milton was a monist-materialist--one who believes that all things are composed of material and all phenomena (including consciousness) are the result of material interactions. Based on her close study of the philosophical movements of Milton's mind, Sugimura discovers the "fluid intermediaries" in his poetry that are neither strictly material nor immaterial. In doing so, Sugimura uses "Paradise Lost" as a fascinating window into the intersection of literature and philosophy, and of literary studies and intellectual history. Sugimura finds that Milton displays a tense and ambiguous relationship with the idealistic dualism of Plato and the materialism of Aristotle and she argues for a more nuanced interpretation of Milton's metaphysics.