The membrane separation process has emerged as a powerful separation technique and has become an integral part of modern process industries. This has found wide applications in the field of biotechnology, beverage, dairy industry, clarification of fruit juice, waste water treatment etc. The advantages of these processes are their unique separation capabilities, low energy consumption, high throughput, and ease of scaling etc., compared to conventional separation processes. However, the application of membrane separation process has been limited by the presence of concentration polarisation and membrane fouling. These lead to decline in permeate flux and change in retention behaviour. Therefore, the ways to reduce concentration polarisation and thereby enhancing the filtration rate are currently active areas of research in view of the increasing demand of membranes application to various industrial separation processes. To minimise the membrane fouling and concentration polarisation, several techniques have been investigated. In this regard, application of external d.c. (direct current) electric field across the membrane is a promising method to reduce concentration polarisation and fouling. This book deals with the relevant principles, technology and the theoretical details involved in this process. It is to be emphasised that no such book dealing with electric field assisted membrane filtration exists currently. Therefore, this book obviously has significant advancement compared to existing books on membrane technology. This book can be used as one of the Texts for the course like "Novel Separation Processes" taught in Postgraduate level. Of course, this book can be an extremely useful reference book for the students and professionals in Chemical and Environmental Engineering. We believe this book will have two fold impacts. Firstly, its academic value is quite high; Secondly, it will have remarkable impact of scaling up such system in actual industrial scale from pilot plant data in an emerging area. Moreover, a book on such a topic does not exist today; the importance of it from an academic point of view is undoubtedly remarkable. This book presents detailed description of the effect of electric field to a number of typical applications, e.g. fruit juice clarification, separation and fractionation of protein solution, micellar enhanced ultra-filtration for dye removal. The results are analysed in full detail.

Tannery is one of the most polluting industries. In order to recover the process water and costly chemicals, membrane based processes can be effectively used to treat the effluent emerging from each of the tannery units. This book presents a systematic and comprehensive study to develop a greener route to treat such effluents. It is to be emphasised that no such book dealing with application of membrane filtration in tannery waste exists currently. Therefore, this book obviously has significant advancement compared to existing books on membrane technology. This book will have two fold impacts. Firstly, its academic value is quite high; Secondly, it will have remarkable impact of scaling up such system in actual industrial scale from pilot plant data in an emerging area. This book presents detailed description of the membrane based processes to treat the effluent from various units operations of a tannery. The results are analysed in full detail. This book is a first kind of its own in this emerging field.